1. Home
  2. Flashcards
  3. Preview

OSHA

  1. Condition, substance, or device that can directly cause injury or loss, a source of a risk
    Hazard
  2. Likelihood or possibility of suffering harm for my hazard, exposure to a hazard, potential for failure or loss
    Risk
  3. Three internal and external pressures today’s fire service faces
    Production pressure, financial pressure, complacency
  4. Production pressure may result in the following
    Making rash decisions, conducting training exercises to meet a schedule without adequate personnel or safety, causing mechanics to replace parts with substandard parts
  5. Using an all hazards approach to manage risk requires
    Performing risk analysis, prioritizing risk based or vulnerability probability, planning functional strategies for managing community risk
  6. Hazards can be grouped into three general types
    Community, organizational, individual
  7. Primary job function of firefighters, Company Officer, chief officers
    Assessment and hazard control
  8. Provides a coordinated approach to a wide variety of incidents
    All hazard concept
  9. Communities contain what types of hazards
    Mechanical, electrical, chemicals, environmental
  10. Process of addressing larger issue a preventable injury that is occurring in a community
    Community risk reduction
  11. Physiological stressors include
    Sleep deprivation, long work periods, dehydration, frequent changes in work environments
  12. US nonprofit educational and technical association devoted to protecting life and property from fire by developing fire protection standards in educating public
    NFPA
  13. NFPA divides hazards into 5 categories
    Fire ground, non-fire, responding-returning, other on duty, training
  14. Reference material that provides information on chemicals that are used and produced or stored at a facility
    Safety data sheets
  15. Common hazard control hierarchy involves what
    Moving from most effective to least reliable practice of eliminating or reducing hazard
  16. Physical removal of hazard
    Elimination
  17. Replacing something with a less hazardous product or process
    Substitution
  18. Requires installing equipment that Isolates people from hazard
    Engineered controls
  19. Changing the way people work around hazards
    Administrative controls
  20. Least desirable because used around or when handling hazards
    PPE
  21. Three E’s of safety model *test*
    Engineering, education, enforcement
  22. Eliminates or reduces hazard through design or modification of an item or process
    Engineering
  23. Fire and emergency responders learn how to apply proper safety procedures when working in hazardous environment
    Education
  24. Management, supervisors, and employees are responsible for advocating safety policies and procedures
    Enforcement
  25. Components of______ help produce a community risk analysis that aids in development of fire and emergency services organizations internal risk management plan
    Classic risk management
  26. NFPA 1500 includes what risk assessment components
    Identification, evaluation, prioritization, control technique implementation, management monitoring
  27. Designed to reduce or illuminate risks to person or property or less than actual or potential effects or consequences of incident
    Mitigation
  28. Understanding risk management as a two phase process
    Preincident phase includes mitigation efforts to reduce risk exposure, post incident phase includes mitigation efforts to reduce impact of people and property
  29. Initiating a classic risk assessment begins with
    Identifying potential problem
  30. Two common methods in risk control
    Hazard control hierarchy or three E’s method
  31. Remove hazard
    Risk elimination
  32. When hazard cannot be eliminated spread risk around to minimize affect
    Risk spread
  33. Avoid activity that creates risk
    Risk avoidance
  34. Transfer risk to someone else or purchase insurance
    Risk transfer
  35. Designed to reduce the likelihood of accidents or to mitigate severity
    Control measures
  36. What are essential to effective emergency seen operations and relationships
    Good communication
  37. Responsibility for crew readiness Falls to who
    Unit leader or Company Officer
  38. Maybe the primary cause of the incident or contribute to the growth of hazard
    Structural contents
  39. Can create a life safety hazard for firefighters or delay an incident response
    Mechanical failures
  40. Ultimately responsible for risk management and providing a safe workplace for employees
    Organization management or top official
  41. Consist of a lack of administrative support or perception that an individual face trouble if certain decision is made
    Internal politics
  42. Include influence from elected officials, outside government agencies and the public
    External political factors
  43. Premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrator against noncombated target intended to influence an audience
    Terrorism
  44. NFPA 921, 2014 defines an accident as
    Unplanned event that interrupts an activity, causes injury or damage, unexpected happening due to carelessness and ignorance
  45. Fourth leading cause of death nationally *test*
    Accidents
  46. Behavioral departure from an accepted, normal, or correct procedure or practice which in the past has produced injury or property damage
    Unsafe act
  47. Physical state that deviates from what is acceptable, normal or correct in the terms of pass production or future production of personal injury and damage to property
    Unsafe conditions
  48. Mental or bodily characteristic permitted or unsafe act which contributed to accident or has potential to do so
    Unsafe personal factor
  49. State of safety culture when acting against SOP becomes normal
    Normalization of deviance
  50. Environmentally or physical state or condition of a physical hazard that cause an accident or could
    Unsafe physical factor
  51. Often responsible for performing or documenting accident investigations in near miss reports
    HSO or ISO
  52. Can reduce accidents and consequences
    Proactive approach to safety
  53. Can be defined as a set of shared values and beliefs around cultural touchstones
    Organizational culture
  54. Making a difference and others lives being a team member loyal and honest
    Values
  55. Actions and outcomes on response history, training, Station activities
    Behaviors
  56. Shared stories about past events, fire department success, ceremonies
    Artifacts
  57. In the light 20th century the fire service assumed a primary role and rescue from buildings severely damaged by natural disasters this gave us
    Urban search and rescue programs
  58. Line, area, or zone where an undevelooped wildland area meets human development
    Wildland urban interface
  59. Weapon or device intended or has capability to cause death or seriously injure significant number of people
    Weapons of mass destruction
  60. How many women who are employed as firefighters in 2016
    8800
  61. North America’s population can be divided into white 4 age groups
    Traditionalist, baby boomers, GEN Xers, millennials
  62. Lives through economic boom and bust of 1920s values are considered to be loyalty patriotism hard work and education
    Traditionalist
  63. Considered idealist and place high value on fairness, equality, hard work, competition, reputation for questioning authority, please have value on education, family, leisure time
    Baby boomer
  64. Require flexibility and thrive on feedback from supervisors, dislike constant supervision prefer to work independent, considered entrepreneurs, make up most of the fire and emergency services
    Gen xer
  65. Raised with access to technology, optimistic, diverse, want instant gratification, have high expectations
    Millennials
  66. NFPA and USFA make it clear fire services most deadly risk come from
    Lack of physical conditioning which results in cardiac arrest
  67. Second highest number of firefighters fatalities
    Fire apparatus accidents
  68. Almost half of all firefighter injuries occur where
    On fire scene
  69. Account for over 50% of fire ground injuries
    Strains, sprains, muscular pain
  70. Account for up to 50% of annual firefighter deaths
    Cardiac related death
  71. Results from my person’s psychological conflict and belief, can prevent individual for making changes in lifestyle or behavior or excepting need for organizational change
    Internal barrier
  72. Active opposition to change by others can cause the individual promoting the change to compromise
    Antagonism
  73. Causes an individual to seek personal gain
    Unethical motive
  74. Maybe created by organizational culture or structure
    External barrier
  75. Simple steps to take that can overcome change barriers
    Communicate, involve, inform, support, commit, relate, create
  76. Methods for changing organization culture
    Five step change, social change, Kotters eight step change
  77. Agencies can apply five step change model to either Emergency or non-emergency situations this model includes what five steps
    Identify, select, design, implement, evaluate
  78. Five-step change model can be represented as
    Circular path or flow chart
  79. Leadership model places service at the core of social change
    Social change model
  80. Models purpose is to affect change for the betterment of others through leader ship
    Social change model
  81. Kotters eight step change model Acknowledges people’s response and approach to change eight steps include
    Create sense of urgency, build guiding team, establish vision, communicate vision, and power team, create short term objective, don’t declare victory too soon, institutionalize change
  82. Studies from academia government and industry say what is the most effective way to institutionalize change
    Training
  83. Adopting a culture of____ will provide firefighters with a safer work environment
    Safety, health, wellness
  84. The fire and emergency services organization will benefit from the shift to safety based culture in what ways
    Financial, operational, morale
  85. Study of behavioral motivation and its role in the reduction of risk-taking behaviors in a fire and emergency services
    National safety culture change initiative
  86. Establishing and maintaining a safe environment depends on
    Everyone in organization
  87. One of the most important safety perspectives Heinrich developed was
    Importance of human factor in an accident prevention
  88. Heinrichs theory lead to_____ which suggested that hundreds of near misses occurred prior to disabling injury
    Accident pyramid
  89. Accident reduction was fostered by OSHA with requirement for increase employee involvement through health and safety committees they need for employee involvement was based on
    Employees are exposed to hazards daily, group input can create more effective solutions, employees are more likely to support programs where input has been provided
  90. NFPA 1500
    Standard on fire department occupational safety and health and wellness program
  91. One of the most effective tools to premote a health and safety program
    Safety committee
  92. Plan that identifies specific goals that support and enhance the safety and risk management activities of department
    Strategic safety plan
  93. Strategic plans are often created through a process called
    SWOT-Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats
  94. The basic CRM model used for____ training has continued to evolve
    Commercial airline industry and military aviation
  95. Five factors that commercial airline industry has work to improve with CRM
    • Communication among crew, situational awareness, decision-making, teamwork, implementation barriers,
    • fire service should also include techniques for work load an error management
  96. Communication model consists of five components
    • Sender, message, medium, receiver, feedback
    • A sixth component may be present which is interference
  97. All audible and visual distractions in environment
    External interference
  98. Personal prejudice, hearing the efficiency, lack of knowledge, if I need to go, lack of self-esteem
    Internal distractions (maybe more difficult to overcome)
  99. Result in receiver misunderstanding or not receiving a message
    Internal distractions
  100. Negative outcomes can occur when we lose
    Situational awareness
  101. Situational awareness sometimes referred to as a process that exists on what 3 levels
    Perception, comprehension, application
  102. What are the eight factors that may lead to the loss of situational awareness
    Ambiguity, distraction, fixation, overload, complacency, improper procedure, unresolved discrepancy, lack of comprehensive hazard surveillance
  103. Decision making model developed by Ludwig banner jr Of the national transportation safety board, the model uses the acronym decide which stands for
    Determine problem, evaluate problem, consider options, identify best option, do appropriate option, evaluate effectiveness
  104. Teamwork requires what skills
    Listening, questioning, sweating, respecting, helping, sharing, participating
  105. Teams consist of what two basic elements
    Leaders and followers
  106. The CRM model provides what skills to a leader
    Authority, mentoring, conflict resolution, Mission analysis, mental aspect
  107. Incident commanders should develop smart objective
    Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time oriented
  108. To gain the right to question leaders decisions followers must be
    Alert situation, physically fit, mentally fit
  109. Factors that may create barriers to implementation of the CRM model
    Resistance to change, fear of looking foolish, blame for misunderstanding, withholding information, complacency, physical emotional and mental fatigue, I love affect (when people allow a personal trait or characteristic to influence perception of leader), being outside group
  110. A CRM factor that attempts to reduce stress and meet unit objectives (Reducing a job to its most simple task and assigning them to individuals and groups)
    Work load management
  111. CRM model includes a process for air management intended to prevent, reduce, repair errors processed is based on three layers of defense
    Error avoidance, error trapping, error medication
  112. CRM model must provide training in what factors
    Awareness, reinforcement, refreshment
  113. An organization that performs high risk work without catastrophic events
    High reliability organization
  114. High reliability organization (HRO) share five characteristics
    Process auditing, reward system, common degradation avoidance, Perception of risk, command and control elements
  115. Fire service training is primarily accomplish in what format
    Team format typically called companies
  116. Chronic sleep disturbance, physical exertion, mental and emotional stress, poor diet, lack of exercise all contribute to
    Cardiovascular disease
  117. The most effective means of preventing or adducing job related injuries, illness, fatalities is proactive and based on a comprehensive
    Health program
  118. The leading cause of fireground injuries are
    • Falls, slips, jumps
    • With over exertion and strains as a close second
  119. The primary cause of fire fighter fatalities during emergency operations is
    Stress induced cardiac arrest
  120. What type of stress can result from actions at Emergency scene as well as factors while at station
    Physical, physiological, psychological
  121. Stress and the fire and emergency services can take what two forms
    • Physiological stress (work environment experiences)
    • Psychological stress (total life experiences)
  122. What continues to be one of the top threats to firefighter health
    Cancer (approximately 45% of firefighters will be diagnosed with cancer within seven years of retirement)
  123. Consider identifying a hot zone with ____ where full turn out gear and SCBA must be worn
    Tape
  124. What five factors comprise metabolic syndrome
    Large waist line, high triglyceride level, low HDL cholesterol level, high blood pressure, high fasting blood sugar
  125. Any class of substance or drug that numbs, paralyzes, or causes loss of feeling in the body
    Narcotic
  126. What states that prior to hire applicants must receive a medical evaluation by fire department physician and be certified medically fit
    NFPA 1500
  127. CPAT stimulates fire ground task likely to perform while wearing hardhat, gloves, 50 pound vest while performing what 8 tasks *test*
    Stair climb carrying 25 pounds, hose drag, equipment carry, ladder raise and extension, forcibible entry, search, rescue drag, ceiling pull
  128. Three tests designed to measure and employees aerobic capacity, muscular strength, muscular endurance
    Work capacity test, referred to as pack test for red card certification
  129. The work capacity test is divided into what 3 levels
    • Arduous 3 mile hike with 45 pound pack in 45 minutes
    • Moderate 2 mile hike with 25 pound pack in 30 minutes
    • Light 1 mile hike in 16 minutes with no pack
  130. Written plan that identifies and analyzes the exposure to hazards, Celexa appropriate risk management techniques
    Risk management plan
  131. Essential element of risk management plan is
    Designation of safety and health committee
  132. Infection control begins with a written plan that explains
    Intent, benefits, purpose
  133. Employee and medical exposure records must be preserved and maintained for how long
    Duration of employment +30 years
  134. Periodic medical evaluations should be performed on employee involved in emergency response operations how frequent
    • Age 29 and under every 3 years
    • Age 30-39 every two years
    • Page 40 and over every year
  135. 2 essential components of a health program
    Wellness and fitness
  136. Hey buddy can lose how much fluid through sweat, urine, stool, and exhaled air? The body can only absorb how much fluid through ingestion?
    • 2 quarts/liters an hour
    • 1- 1.5 quarts/liters an hour
  137. The process of hydration should begin how soon before firefighters will knowingly participate in activities requiring heavy exertion
    At least two hours
  138. What is essential in the holistic approach to personnel health and wellness
    Member assistance program
  139. Preparing the task analysis and developing the employee physical fitness component are there responsibilities of who
    HSO, occupational safety and health committee, physical fitness subcommittee
  140. Ability to perform activity repeatedly? Maximum amount of force a muscle can generate? Ability to exert strength quickly?
    • Endurance
    • Strength
    • Power
  141. Physical fitness plan can be monitored through what 3 methods
    Using daily or weekly exercise logs, comparing last time injury data before and after start of program, conducting annual physical fitness test
  142. What is the goal of any training division
    Repair firefighters to prevent, respond, and mitigate emergencies
  143. Training requirements fall into what three categories
    Entry-level training, specialized training, recertification training
  144. NFPA 1001
    Standard for fire fighter professional qualifications (essential to all entry level training)
  145. Fire and emergency services are required by ______ to provide refresher and recertification training
    Federal and state/ provincial government
  146. NFPA 1401
    Recommended practice for fire service training reports and records
  147. Training program when key members of organization train other company personnel in a specific topic procedure or policy
    Train the trainer
  148. All fire an emergency services regulated by NFPA standards are required to have what?
    Risk management plan
  149. Risk management plan designed to accomplish what objectives
    Identify risks, evaluate potential based on frequency and severity of risk, establish controls to minimize or eliminate risk
  150. Instructor preparation must include
    Instructor certification, instructor student ratio (no more than five students per instructor), safety officers, instructional materials and equipment
  151. Fire and emergency responder training is divided between what
    Cognitive and psychomotor training
  152. What type of training occur in the classroom through computer based programs or distance-learning course
    Cognitive training
  153. Provides knowledge necessary to make sound decisions and respond quickly to changing conditions
    Cognitive training
  154. Training involves physical skills, practical training evolutions
    Psychomotor training
  155. To be safe and effective practical training must include
    Nims/ics, Accountability system, incident safety officer, communication protocol, pass, proper respiratory protection, fire fighter rescue training
  156. Apparatus safety depends on what controllable factors? *test*
    Driver school, personal factors, condition of apparatus, design criteria, SOP
  157. Who must ensure all personnel and apparatus secure their seatbelts before apparatus responds
    Supervisor
  158. Who are responsible for using seatbelts in apparatus and in their vehicles
    Firefighters
  159. All fire apparatus crashes can be grouped into what five categories
    Improper backing, reckless driving by public, excessive speed, lack of driving skills and experience by fire fighter, poor design or maintenance
  160. NFPA 1901
    Standard for automotive fire apparatus
  161. Type 1 ambulance
    10,000 to 14,000 pounds, cab and chassis furnished with modular ambulance body
  162. Type 1 A D ambulance
    14,000 pounds or more modular ambulance body with cab and chassis
  163. Type 2 ambulance
    10,000 pounds and under, van with a cab body
  164. Type 3 ambulance
    10000-14000 lbs, Cutaway van with integrated ambulance body
  165. Type 3AD ambulance
    14000lbs and more, Cutaway van with integrated body
  166. Level 1 refurbishment requirements
    • Chassis frame, driving and crew compartments, front axle, steering and suspension
    • Vehicle that receives a level one refurbishment receives new make a model
  167. Level 2 refurbishment
    • Adding new components to existing chassis, front axles, engine, crew compartments, must exceed requirements for original manufacture of apparatus
    • Will retain original title
  168. 2 safety considerations when considering installation of audible warning devices
    Must be loud enough so public can hear it inside vehicles, clear must project tone on an angle that is wide enough to be heard by drivers not directly in front of fire apparatus
  169. Federal standard for ambulances state that minimum sound level is
    123db at 10ft
  170. Maximum sound level inside cab of fire apparatus *test*
    90db
  171. Maximum sound level in patient care area
    80db
  172. Drivers respond better to sounds that do what
    Change pitch
  173. Emergency vehicles may overtake effective range of audible warning device at what speed
    50 mph
  174. Siren operating range
    300 feet at 40 mph, 12 feet or less at 60 mph
  175. Some departments prohibit lights and sirens while responding on freeways at speeds greater than
    55 mph
  176. Optical warning devices primary purposes
    Alert other drivers and pedestrians of emergency vehicle, indicate location of vehicle on stopped at incident scene
  177. NFPA retro reflective trim requirements
    Minimum 25% of front, 50% on sides and rear,minimum 4 inches in width
  178. FAA requires aircraft rescue apparatus to be what color
    Yellow green
  179. Vehicle data recorders are required under NFPA 1901 they must have a sufficient memory to record how many hours *test*
    100 engine hours
  180. Apparetta so way more than_____ are required to have auxiliary breaking systems
    36,000 pounds
  181. Auxiliary breaking systems to not activate at speeds under what
    2 mph
  182. NFPA 1915
    Standard for fire apparatus preventative maintenance program
  183. A commercial drivers license is required to legally drive what vehicles
    Single vehicle gross weight more than 26,000 pounds, trailer with gross weight more than 10,000 pounds is combined weight of trailer and vehicle is more than 26,000 pounds, any vehicle displaying hazardous material placard’s
  184. Minimum qualifications for driver operators can be found where *test*
    NF PA 1002, standard for fire apparatus driver professional qualifications
  185. NFPA specifies five driving exercises to train operators
    Alley dock, serpentine, 3 point turn, diminishing clearance, lane change
  186. In situation where all lines of traffic in the same direction of apparatus are blocked department SOP’s may allow what
    Drive in opposing lane of traffic
  187. Distance of attention driver must heed
    Visual lead time
  188. Only two times NFPA 1500 allows riding on tailboard
    Loading hose, tiller operator training
  189. Who is ultimate authority over safe operation of emergency vehicle
    Company Officer
  190. Backing spotters should wear what when not wearing PPE and be positioned where?
    Reflective vests, one primary spotter should be positioned at left rear corner (Backing operations should stop immediately when driver cannot see spotter)
  191. What factors contribute to water tender accidents
    Weight, High center of gravity, improper design, liquid surge (Should be driven with tank full or empty to reduce surging)
  192. Accidents involving reserve vehicles include
    Age, maintenance, infrequent use, design, lack of familiarity
  193. Sum of driver reaction distance and braking distance
    Total stopping distance
  194. Distance vehicle travels while driver is transferring foot from accelerator to break
    Reaction distance
  195. Distance vehicle travels from time brakes are applied until comes to complete stop
    Braking distance
  196. Ability to start fire apparatus depends greatly on
    Type and condition of braking system
  197. 2 – 4–12 rule
    2 second interval between vehicle and vehicle ahead of you for speeds below 55, 4 second interval between vehicles for speeds above 55, Visual lead time of 12 seconds
  198. VFIS following distance
    One second following distance for every 10 feet of vehicle length under 40 mph, 2 seconds for each 10 mile for speeds over 40 mph
  199. Emergency vehicle following distance
    300 to 500 feet apart
  200. Who is responsible for placing or positioning apparatus emergency incident
    Driver under the supervision of Company Officer
  201. High rise structures are how tall
    7 stories
  202. At a technical rescue fire apparatus should be placed how
    Rescue vehicles positioned near accident, Fire suppression vehicles parked in staging
  203. In a trench rescue vehicles should be parked where
    150 foot away in staging, roadway traffic should be stopped within 300 feet of trench collapse rescue
  204. Where should apparatus be parked for active shooter incidents
    Between rescuers and area of shooter
  205. What type of extinguisher should be available when refueling
    Class B
  206. What is the first step in reducing or eliminating causes of tool and equipment accidents
    Recognizing the results and causes
Author
jr_schreiber
ID
358870
Card Set
OSHA
Description
Updated

  1. Home
  2. Flashcards
  3. Preview