Why are infants most susceptible to significant losses in total body water?
B.
Why does obesity create a greater risk for dehydration in people?
D.
In addition to osmosis, what force is involved in the movement of water between the plasma and interstitial fluid spaces?
A.
Venous obstruction is a cause of edema because of an increase in which pressure?
A.
Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure?
B.
How are secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and the perception of thirst stimulated? a. Decrease in serum sodium
b. Increase in plasma osmolality
c. Increase in glomerular filtration rate
d. Decrease in osmoreceptor stimulation
b.
Thirst activates osmoreceptors following an increase in which blood plasma component? a. Antidiuretic hormone
b. Aldosterone
c. Hydrostatic pressure
d. Osmotic pressure
d.
A student asks about natriuretic peptides. Which statement by the professor is most accurate?
A.
Which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when circulating blood volume is reduced?
A.
A patient in the hospital has hypernatremia. What condition should the healthcare professional assess for?
C.
The pathophysiologic process of edema is related to which mechanism?
A.
Why is insulin used to treat hyperkalemia? (Select all that apply.)
E. & e.
A major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses is the ratio between what?
C.
The ratio of ICF K+ to ECF K+ determines resting membrane potential, influencing which action?
D.
During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum hydrogen ions by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte?
D.
A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the professional assess for hyperkalemia?
A.
Which disease does NOT warrant an assessment for hyperkalemia?
A.
A patient’s chart indicates Kussmaul respirations. The student asks the healthcare professional what this is caused by. What response by the professional is most accurate?
D.
A healthcare provider notes that tapping the patient’s facial nerve leads to lip twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding?
C.
A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional correlate to this behavior?
C.
which is NOT a risk factor for fluid imbalance?
C.
A patient is admitted to the hospital with dehydration. For which signs or symptoms would the healthcare professional assess? (Select all that apply.)
a. Moist mucous membranes
b. Weak pulses
c. Tachycardia
d. Polyuria
e. Weight loss
b, c, & e
Which manifestation is associated with hyponatremia?
c. Lethargy
D.
ECF compartments are split into what categories? (Select all that apply)
a. interstitial
b. intravascular
c. protein plasma
d. platelet plasma