-
What priority dominated the lives of 17th and 18th century American settlers?
survival (UMRG:64,1,2)
-
To what degree did the music of Native Americans influence the music of the settlers?
very little (UMRG:64,1,1)
-
four countries American settlers came from
Great Britain, France, Spain, and Germany (UMRG:64,1,1)
-
institution many American settlers sought freedom from
the Church of England (UMRG:64,1,3)
-
How often would American settlers attend social dances?
once or twice a month (UMRG:64,1,2)
-
In which century did American musicians first develop an interest in Native American music?
19th (UMRG:64,1,1)
-
Which musical tradition of American settlers is best understood today?
religious singing (UMRG:64,1,3)
-
American settlers’ source of religious music
psalters (UMRG:64,1,3)
-
From which country did American settlers originally obtain psalters?
Great Britain (UMRG:64,1,3)
-
psalters
books containing the Psalms of David in verse form (UMRG:64,1,3)
-
The Bay Psalm Book
a words‐only psalter that was the first book printed in America (UMRG:64,1,3)
-
Which country’s musical tradition formed the basis of religious music for American settlers?
Great Britain (UMRG:64,1,3)
-
Which edition of The Bay Psalm Book was the first to include notation?
9th (UMRG:64,1,3)
-
How many years did it take for the Bay Psalm Book to include notation?
about 60 years (UMRG:64,1,3)
-
Why did the Bay Psalm Book not include notation initially?
lack of equipment (UMRG:64,1,3)
-
two purposes of early singing schools
give settlers a chance to socialize and improve the singing in Sunday worship services (UMRG:65,1,1)
-
What social custom often took place in early singing schools?
courting (UMRG:65,1,1)
-
two American states in which German‐speaking Protestants settled
Pennsylvania and North Carolina (UMRG:65,1,1)
-
What element of music did the Mennonites forbid from worship services until the 1960s?
instruments (UMRG:65,1,1)
-
What style of singing did the Mennonites adopt?
congregational part‐singing (UMRG:65,1,1)
-
four types of instruments brought by Moravian settlers to America
brass, woodwinds, stringed instruments, and drums (UMRG:65,1,1)
-
In what type of early American settlement was folksong popular?
commercial settlements (UMRG:65,1,2)
-
one body of folksong that has survived from the colonial period
French‐Canadian songs (UMRG:65,1,2)
-
four subjects of French‐Canadian folksong
canoeing, work, weather, and love (UMRG:65,1,2)
-
three professional avenues colonial musicians could pursue
teacher, printer, and traveling salesman/teacher (UMRG:65,1,3)
-
Where did early American music printers sell their sheet music?
a store attached to his printing shop (UMRG:65,1,3)
-
two obstacles facings professional musicians in colonial America
difficult travel and uncertain income (UMRG:65,1,3)
-
two purposes of a traveling salesman/teacher
selling sheet music and instruments and teaching the townspeople to play them (UMRG:65,1,3)
-
What skill best qualified a settler to be a music teacher?
proficiency in more than one instrument (UMRG:65,1,3)
-
Why were cities unable to support resident musicians during the colonial period?
They were too small. (UMRG:65,1,4)
-
What THREE types of organizers would put on public concerts during the colonial period?
social clubs, trade associations, and individuals (UMRG:65,1,4)
-
How were public concerts funded during the colonial period?
subscription (UMRG:65,1,4)
-
colonial American songs taken from English stage productions
airs (UMRG:65,1,4)
-
What THREE plot elements did colonial “airs” commonly contain?
love, conflict, or a character’s personality (UMRG:65,2,0)
-
At what THREE points would instrumental pieces appear in English stage productions?
overtures, interludes, and postludes (UMRG:65,2,0)
-
“Love in a Village”
an English stage production that became popular in the American colonies (UMRG:65,2,0)
-
Thomas Arne
playwright of “Love in a Village” (UMRG:65,2,0)
-
type of songs written during the American Revolution
patriotic songs (UMRG:65,2,1)
-
cheap pamphlets on which the lyrics of patriotic songs were printed during the American revolution
broadsides (UMRG:65,2,1)
-
From where were the melodies of patriotic songs derived?
well‐known tunes (UMRG:65,2,1)
-
format of the lyrics of patriotic songs
rhymed verse (UMRG:65,2,1)
-
Where did the writers of patriotic songs distribute broadsides?
wherever large groups of people could be found (UMRG:65,2,1)
-
two sources of music in colonial‐era English stage productions
a piano or an instrumental ensemble (UMRG:65,2,0)
-
parlor song
the dominant type of popular song in the United States before 1890 (UMRG:65,2,2)
-
type of harmony used in parlor song choruses
four‐part harmony (UMRG:65,2,2)
-
the two elements of a parlor song
a chorus alternating with strophic verses (UMRG:65,2,2)
-
What musical texture best describes parlor song verses?
monophony (UMRG:65,2,2)
-
What musical texture best describes parlor song choruses?
polyphony (UMRG:65,2,2)
-
In what form were parlor songs sold?
sheet music (UMRG:65,2,2)
-
What setting was best suited for parlor songs?
the home (UMRG:65,2,2)
-
strophic verses
an unharmonized melody with new lyrics for each repetition (UMRG:65,2,2)
-
What TWO instruments were most commonly used to accompany parlor songs?
piano and guitar (UMRG:65,2,2)
-
What kind of people generally owned pianos in 19th century America?
people of high social standing (UMRG:65,2,2)
-
Which members of society were generally trained to play the piano in 19th century America?
young women (UMRG:65,2,2)
-
four original subjects of parlor songs
romantic love, patriotism, protest and reform, and the Civil War (UMRG:65,2,3)
-
five types of songs found in later parlor songs
labor songs, cowboy songs, songs of Westward expansion, gospel songs, and nostalgic songs (UMRG:65,2,3)
-
three musical properties characterizing parlor songs
melodic elegance, catchiness, and versatility in different settings (UMRG:65,2,3)
-
What SIX coastal cities were included in a standard tour for early American theatre companies?
Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Charleston, and New Orleans (UMRG:65,2,4)
-
What means of transportation did early American theatre companies use to tour inland cities?
train (UMRG:65,2,4)
-
What means of transportation did early American theatre companies use to tour coastal cities?
boat (UMRG:65,2,4)
-
two theatre pieces early American theatre companies mostly performed
operetta and melodrama (UMRG:65,2,4)
-
What kind of song did operetta and melodramas frequently feature in the 19th century?
parlor song (UMRG:65,2,4)
-
What kind of music was usually listened to in homes before the invention of the phonograph?
parlor song (UMRG:65,2,2)
-
instrument whose growth in demand outstripped population growth in the mid‐1800s
piano (UMRG:66,1,1)
-
center of music publishing after the Revolutionary War
Philadelphia (UMRG:66,1,1)
-
What THREE American cities entered the publishing industry in the early 19th century?
Boston, New York, and Baltimore (UMRG:66,1,1)
-
Lowell Mason
“the father of music education” (UMRG:66,1,1)
-
What company began selling pianos and violins by catalogue in the 1890s?
Sears (UMRG:66,1,1)
-
What enterprise provided a stable livelihood for Lowell Mason?
selling instructional materials and instruments (UMRG:66,1,1)
-
What TWO music industry products’ demand increased dramatically during the 19th century?
pianos and sheet music (UMRG:66,1,1)
-
aim that Lowell Mason’s educational efforts accomplished
promoting music literacy in America (UMRG:66,1,1)
-
field in which Lowell Mason established a reliable methodology in the 19th century
music education (UMRG:66,1,1)
-
“Home Sweet Home”
a popular parlor song (UMRG:66,2,1)
-
Henry Bishop
the composer of “Home Sweet Home” (UMRG:66,2,1)
-
“Clari”, or “The Maid of Milan”
the operetta from which the music of “Home Sweet Home” was taken (UMRG:66,2,1)
-
John Howard Payne
author of the lyrics to “Home Sweeth Home” (UMRG:66,2,1)
-
nationality of Henry Bishop
British (UMRG:66,2,1)
-
For roughly how long did the operetta “Clari” or “The Maid of Milan” play in New York?
70 years (UMRG:66,2,1)
-
How did music publishers capitalize on the popularity of “Home Sweet Home”?
printing arrangements for different instruments, ensembles, or skill levels (UMRG:66,2,1)
-
What type of song best is “The Star Spangled Banner” as?
patriotic parlor song (UMRG:66,2,1)
-
Francis Scott Key
author of the lyrics to “The Star Spangled Banner” (UMRG:66,2,1)
-
“To Anacreon in Heaven”
song from which the melody of “The Star Spangled Banner” was taken (UMRG:66,2,1)
-
“In Defense of Fort McHenry”
Francis Scott Key poem used as the lyrics of “The Star Spangled Banner” (UMRG:66,2,1)
-
From what country did the song “To Anacreon in Heaven” originate?
Great Britain (UMRG:66,2,1)
-
“The Battle Cry of Freedom”
a popular Civil War song by George Frederic Root (UMRG:67,1,0)
-
“Tenting on the Old Campground”
a popular Civil War song by Walter Kittredge (UMRG:67,1,0)
-
What action does the piano introduction to “The Battle Cry of Freedom” represent?
marching (UMRG:67,1,0)
-
In what way is “Tenting on the Old Campground” different from most other Civil War songs?
admits to the horrors of war (UMRG:67,1,1)
-
How did most Civil War songs view war?
sentimentally (UMRG:66,2,2)
-
What type of songs were usually written about the Civil War?
parlor songs (UMRG:66,2,2)
-
Reveille
a military trumpet call (UMRG:67,1,1)
-
last line of “Tenting on the Old Campground”
“dying on the old campground” (UMRG:67,1,1)
-
“Dixie”
a popular Civil War song by Dan Emmett (UMRG:67,1,2)
-
What intention did Dan Emmett originally have in writing “Dixie”?
mocking southerners (UMRG:67,1,2)
-
In what way are the songs “Dixie” and “Yankee Doodle” similar?
Both were adopted by the people they were meant to ridicule. (UMRG:67,1,2)
-
Stephen Foster
the most famous 19th‐century American songwriter (UMRG:67,1,3)
-
How was Stephen Foster unique among songwriters of his time?
first to earn a living solely through the sale of compositions (UMRG:67,1,3)
-
“I Dream of Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair”
a famous composition by Stephen Foster (UMRG:67,1,3)
-
“Come Where My Love Lies Dreaming”
a famous composition by Stephen Foster (UMRG:67,1,3)
-
“Gentle Annie”
a famous composition by Stephen Foster (UMRG:67,1,3)
-
With which category of songs did Stephen Foster have the most success?
romantic parlor songs (UMRG:67,1,3)
-
Which type of song best describes “I Dream of Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair” and “Gentle Annie”?
romantic parlor song (UMRG:67,1,3)
-
three most common themes in songs of westward expansion?
loneliness, misery, and physical deprivation (UMRG:67,1,4)
-
“Home on the Range”
a famous song of westward expansion (UMRG:67,1,4)
-
Why is “Home on the Range” atypical of a song of westward expansion?
has a sentimental, optimistic outlook on frontier life (UMRG:67,1,4)
-
“Old Chisholm Trail”
a famous cowboy song (UMRG:67,1,4)
-
labor song
a song used to boost morale and solidarity among workers (UMRG:67,1,5)
-
songsters (object)
cheap booklets used to circulate the lyrics to labor songs (UMRG:67,1,5)
-
From where did labor songs take their melodies?
well‐known tunes (UMRG:67,1,5)
-
Why did labor songs use well‐known tunes as their melodies?
It was cheaper to circulate booklets of lyrics. (UMRG:67,1,5)
-
What kind of harmony characterized labor and gospel songs?
four‐part harmony (UMRG:67,1,5)
-
mood of gospel songs of the post‐Civil‐War era
sentimental and gentle (UMRG:67,1,5)
-
“Jesus Loves Me”
famous gospel song from the post‐Civil‐War era by William Bradbury (UMRG:67,1,5)
-
“Blessed Assurance”
famous gospel song from the post‐Civil‐War era by Fanny Crosby (UMRG:67,2,0)
-
“In the Sweet Bye and Bye”
famous gospel song from the post‐Civil‐War era by Fillmore Bennet (UMRG:67,2,0)
-
Among what THREE groups were Southwestern folksongs common in the post‐Civil‐War era??
Mexican Americans, Native Americans, and the European Americans who mingled with them (UMRG:67,2,1)
-
Charles F. Lummis
a Massachusetts journalist who collected Southwestern folksongs (UMRG:67,2,1)
-
subject of nostalgic post‐Civil‐War era songs
glorification of an idyllic antebellum past (UMRG:67,2,1)
-
“Silver Threads Among the Gold”
a famous nostalgic song from the post‐Civil‐War era by Eben Rexford and Hark P. Danks (UMRG:67,2,1)
-
What TWO attitudes did minstrel shows convey?
stereotypes of African‐American life whites’ views of their own lives (UMRG:67,2,2)
-
How many New York City theatres were devoted to minstrel shows in the 1850s?
10 (UMRG:67,2,2)
-
What TWO methods did 19th century minstrel shows use to create their music?
writing new songs and altering preexisting songs (UMRG:67,2,3)
-
In what TWO ways did 19th century minstrel shows alter parlor songs?
adding humorous lyrics or performing them with extreme melodrama (UMRG:67,2,3)
-
How did minstrel shows usually alter patriotic songs?
adding lyrics about current political issues (UMRG:67,2,3)
-
bel canto opera
a style of Italian opera that reached the United States in the 1850s (UMRG:68,1,0)
-
three famous composers of bel canto opera
Bellini, Donizetti, and Rossini (UMRG:68,1,0)
-
three sources of music for 19th century minstrel dance routines
syncopated dance tunes, formal dancing, and country hoedowns (UMRG:68,1,0)
-
How did minstrel shows make use of bel canto opera?
material for parody (UMRG:68,1,0)
-
minstrelsy
the blackface performance tradition of minstrel shows (UMRG:67,2,2)
-
What kind of group did Dan Emmett lead?
minstrel troupe (UMRG:68,1,1)
-
What kind of songs accounted for 90% of Stephen Foster’s income?
minstrel songs (UMRG:68,1,1)
-
How did the popularity of minstrel shows affect the songwriting business?
constant demand for new songs (UMRG:68,1,1)
-
number of songs Stephen Foster wrote
287 (UMRG:68,1,1)
-
number of minstrel show songs Stephen Foster wrote
23 (UMRG:68,1,1)
-
“Old Dan Tucker”
a famous minstrel song (UMRG:68,1,2)
-
the Hutchinson Family Singers
a socially conscious musical group from the 1850s (UMRG:68,1,2)
-
What song did the Hutchinson Family Singers rewrite as an anti‐slavery anthem?
“Old Dan Tucker” (UMRG:68,1,2)
-
Tin Pan Alley
New York City’s publishing district (UMRG:68,1,3)
-
Why did the location of Tin Pan Alley often change?
take advantage of cheap warehouse space (UMRG:68,1,3)
-
What aspect of Tin Pan Alley gave it its name?
the tinny sound of the pianos played by song‐pluggers (UMRG:68,1,3)
-
song‐plugger
a musician who played outside sheet music stores in Tin Pan Alley (UMRG:68,1,3)
-
What famous Tin Pan Alley songwriter began as a song‐plugger?
George Gershwin (UMRG:68,1,3)
-
aim of song‐pluggers
enticing passersby to buy sheet music (UMRG:68,1,3)
-
How did song‐pluggers attract business?
loudly playing popular new songs outside sheet music stores (UMRG:68,1,3)
-
Why was Tin Pan Alley noisy?
song‐pluggers attempting to outdo one another (UMRG:68,1,3)
-
center of the music publishing industry
New York City (UMRG:68,1,4)
-
What THREE advantages made New York City ideal for the publishing industry in the early 1900s?
high concentration of consumers, cheap supplies, and presence of other entertainment‐industry businesses (UMRG:68,1,4)
-
three supplies essential to the music publishing industry in the early 1900s
cheap sturdy paper, ink, and printing presses equipped for music notation (UMRG:68,1,4)
-
four types of people employed by the New York City music publishing industry
arrangers, couriers, copyists, and advertisers (UMRG:68,1,4)
-
four sectors of the New York City entertainment industry
live performances, theatre management, booking agencies, and publishing (UMRG:68,1,4)
-
most popular means of transmitting songs across the United States during the late 19th century
sheet music (UMRG:68,2,1)
-
second most popular means of transmitting songs across the United States during the late 19th century
live performances (UMRG:68,2,1)
-
preferred means of introducing new songs to the American public in the late 19th century
through Broadway shows (UMRG:68,2,1)
-
How would traveling theatre companies obtain new songs in the early 1900s?
taking songs from New York and incorporating them (UMRG:68,2,1)
-
Which meter did popular songs mostly use at the turn of the 20th century?
triple (UMRG:68,2,2)
-
waltz
a style of song in triple meter (UMRG:68,2,2)
-
“The Band Played On”
a famous waltz from the turn of the 20th century (UMRG:68,2,2)
-
“The Sidewalks of New York”
a famous waltz from the turn of the 20th century (UMRG:68,2,2)
-
What TWO sections comprised a standard waltz at the turn of the century?
verse and chorus (UMRG:68,2,2)
-
What harmonic characteristic distinguished the verse of a song from its chorus at the turn of the 20th century?
harmonic instability (UMRG:68,2,2)
-
What TWO elements created harmonic instability in early 1900s popular songs?
irregular phrase lengths and modulations (UMRG:68,2,2)
-
two stylistic functions of the verse in an early 1900spopular song
tell a story or create tension (UMRG:68,2,2)
-
two functions of the chorus in an early 1900s popular song
explain the story or release tension (UMRG:68,2,2)
-
In what TWO ways did the relationship between the verse and chorus of a song change in the early 1900s?
the verse was shortened and the chorus became the more important part of the song (UMRG:68,2,2)
-
What THREE elements allowed the chorus of a song to stand alone in the early 1900s?
lyrics, melody, and a stable key (UMRG:68,2,2)
-
How were the lyrics of songs arranged at the turn of the 20th century?
multiple stanzas (UMRG:68,2,2)
-
What musical element formed the basis of the verse in an early 1900s song?
melody (UMRG:68,2,2)
-
How did the development of ragtime affect the meter of popular songs?
Duple meter became more popular than triple. (UMRG:69,1,1)
-
How many Broadway musicals debuted yearly before the stock market crash of 1929?
about 30 (UMRG:69,1,2)
-
How many Broadway musicals debuted yearly after the stock market crash of 1929?
about 12 (UMRG:69,1,2)
-
What event crippled the music industry in the late 1920s?
the stock market crash (UMRG:69,1,2)
-
Why was the music publishing industry brought to a halt after the stock market crash of 1929?
People could no longer afford sheet music. (UMRG:69,1,2)
-
What TWO holdings kept Irving Berlin in business after the stock market crash of 1929?
a publishing company and an important Broadway theater (UMRG:69,2,0)
-
“The Jazz Singer”
a 1927 film starring Al Jolson (UMRG:69,2,1)
-
Al Jolson
a minstrelsy singer who starred in the film “The Jazz Singer” (UMRG:69,2,1)
-
By what percentage did the sales of recordings drop after the 1929 stock market crash?
95% (UMRG:69,2,0)
-
What TWO media forms became the primary means of disseminating music after the 1929 stock market crash?
radio and film (UMRG:69,2,1)
-
Why was radio more popular than recordings?
After purchasing a radio, music was free and accessible almost anywhere. (UMRG:69,2,1)
-
Why was film preferable to live theater for producers after the 1929 stock market crash?
repeat performances were easy and profitable (UMRG:69,2,1)
-
Why was distributing a film cheaper than putting on live theatre after the 1929 stock market crash?
do not need to pay the expenses of an entire troupe (UMRG:69,2,1)
-
ethnicity of most band members in “hot” jazz bands
African‐American (UMRG:50,2,4)
-
ethnicity of most audiences of “hot” jazz bands
African‐American (UMRG:50,2,4)
-
What genre made Hollywood the center of the music industry in the 1930s?
the film musical (UMRG:69,2,2)
-
What city produced most film musicals in the 1930s?
Hollywood (UMRG:69,2,2)
-
Who held ownership of a song produced during the 1930s?
the composer and lyricist (UMRG:69,2,2)
-
copyright law
field determining the ownership of ideas, such as songs (UMRG:69,2,2)
-
intellectual property
ideas owned under copyright law (UMRG:69,2,2)
-
“You’re the Top”
a famous song by Cole Porter (UMRG:71,1,2)
-
What THREE purposes required that one buy the rights to a song during the 1930s?
selling sheet music, admission tickets, or recordings (UMRG:69,2,2)
-
How was popular song different from more formal compositions in the 1930s?
Popular songs were adaptable to different styles and settings. (UMRG:69,2,2)
-
composer’s music
music that instructs a performer exactly how to execute the composer’s ideas (UMRG:69,2,3)
-
performer’s music
music where the performer is free to creatively alter the composition (UMRG:69,2,3)
-
By what means does composer’s music instruct the performer?
notation (UMRG:69,2,3)
-
What category of music best characterizes the relationship between the performer and composer of popular song?
performer’s music (UMRG:69,2,4)
-
What TWO aspects of popular song as performer’s music were as important as the notes?
characteristics of voice and nuances of performance (UMRG:69,2,4)
-
What FOUR structural elements were left at the discretion of the performer in popular song?
accompaniment, interludes, repeated or omitted sections, and length (UMRG:70,1,0)
-
two reasons for composers of popular song to write performer’s music
wide dissemination and adaptability (UMRG:70,1,0)
-
Jerome Kern
a famous songwriter of the 1930s (UMRG:70,1,1)
-
Where did Jerome Kern gain his knowledge of music?
college (UMRG:70,1,1)
-
Of what ethnicity was Jerome Kern’s family?
Jewish (UMRG:70,1,1)
-
Oscar Hammerstein II
a famous lyricist and librettist of the 1930s (UMRG:70,2,0)
-
two famous songs from the musical “Show Boat”
“Can’t Help Lovin’ Dat Man” and “Ol’ Man River” (UMRG:70,2,0)
-
“Show Boat”
a groundbreaking musical that debuted in 1927 (UMRG:70,2,0)
-
Who wrote the libretto for “Show Boat”?
Oscar Hammerstein II (UMRG:70,2,0)
-
Who wrote the music for “Show Boat”?
Jerome Kern (UMRG:70,2,0)
-
How did “Show Boat” impact Broadway?
brought Broadway into the era of modern musicals (UMRG:70,2,0)
-
In what TWO ways was “Show Boat” a modern musical?
character development and a substantial plot (UMRG:70,2,0)
-
What kind of pianist was Jerome Kern early in his career?
rehearsal pianist (UMRG:70,2,0)
-
T. B. Harms
a publisher who employed Jerome Kern early in his career (UMRG:70,2,0)
-
“Roberta”
a Jerome Kern musical that was adapted for film (UMRG:70,2,0)
-
“Smoke Gets In Your Eyes”
a famous song from the musical “Roberta” (UMRG:70,2,0)
-
“The Way You Look Tonight”
a famous Jerome Kern song from “Swing Time” (UMRG:70,2,0)
-
For which song did Jerome Kern win his first Oscar?
“The Way You Look Tonight” (UMRG:70,2,0)
-
“Swing Time”
a musical film featuring the song “The Way You Look Tonight” (UMRG:70,2,0)
-
two actors who starred in the musical film “Swing Time”
Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers (UMRG:70,2,0)
-
Richard Rodgers
a famous songwriter of the 1930s (UMRG:71,1,1)
-
Cole Porter
a famous songwriter of the 1930s (UMRG:71,1,2)
-
George Gershwin’s original name
Jacob Gershovitz (UMRG:71,1,3)
-
Irving Berlin’s original name
Israel Baline (UMRG:)
-
Rodgers and Hart
composing team that held a near‐monopoly on Broadway compositions after 1935 (UMRG:71,1,1)
-
Which songwriter was the only real competition Rodgers and Hart faced after 1935?
Cole Porter (UMRG:71,1,1)
-
How many musicals did Richard Rodgers write with Lorenz Hart?
28 (UMRG:71,1,1)
-
Where did Richard Rodgers grow up?
Queens, New York (UMRG:71,1,1)
-
Lorenz Hart
a famous librettist of the 1930s (UMRG:71,1,1)
-
How many published songs did Richard Rodgers compose?
about 900 (UMRG:71,1,1)
-
How many musicals did Richard Rodgers compose?
43 (UMRG:71,1,1)
-
Richard Rodgers’ university
Columbia (UMRG:71,1,1)
-
With what librettist other than Lorenz Hart did Richard Rodgers famously collaborate?
Oscar Hammerstein II (UMRG:71,1,1)
-
What event led Richard Rodgers to team up with Oscar Hammerstein II?
Lorenz Hart’s death (UMRG:71,1,1)
-
What magazine featured Rodgers and Hart on their cover in 1938?
Time (UMRG:71,1,1)
-
state of birth of Cole Porter
Indiana (UMRG:71,1,2)
-
Who supported Cole Porter’s musical education?
his parents and grandfather (UMRG:71,1,2)
-
At which TWO universities did Cole Porter study?
Harvard and Yale (UMRG:71,1,2)
-
“Night and Day”
a 1932 hit song by Cole Porter (UMRG:71,1,2)
-
“Just One of Those Things”
a 1935 hit song by Cole Porter (UMRG:71,1,2)
-
“Begin the Beguine”
a 1935 hit song by Cole Porter (UMRG:71,1,2)
-
“I Get a Kick Out of You”
a 1934 hit song by Cole Porter (UMRG:71,1,2)
-
“Anything Goes”
a 1934 hit song by Cole Porter (UMRG:71,1,2)
-
What THREE elements characterize Cole Porter’s songs?
witty lyrics, sophistication, and an occasionally cynical tone (UMRG:71,1,2)
-
Who did George Gershwin collaborate with on his musicals?
Ira Gershwin (UMRG:71,1,3)
-
How many musicals did George and Ira Gershwin write?
9 (UMRG:71,1,3)
-
In what musical style was George Gershwin trained?
classical piano (UMRG:71,1,3)
-
Where did George Gershwin work before being hired by the Harms Music Company?
accompanist at a vaudeville show (UMRG:71,1,3)
-
Harms Music Company
a publishing company that hired Jerome Kern and George Gershwin (UMRG:71,1,3)
-
“Swanee”
George Gershwin’s first hit song (UMRG:71,1,3)
-
What earlier song does Gershwin’s “Swanee” reference?
“Old Folks at Home” by Stephen Foster (UMRG:71,1,4)
-
Dubose and Dorothy Hayward
the authors of the play that formed the basis of “Porgy and Bess” (UMRG:71,1,4)
-
Where is the musical “Porgy and Bess” set?
an African‐American community on the Carolina coast (UMRG:71,1,4)
-
“Summertime”
a famous song from Gershwin’s “Porgy and Bess” (UMRG:71,1,4)
-
“Embraceable You”
a hit 1930 song by George Gershwin (UMRG:71,2,1)
-
“Shall We Dance?”
a hit 1937 song by George Gershwin (UMRG:71,2,1)
-
“Nice Work if You Can Get It”
a hit 1937 song by George Gershwin (UMRG:71,2,1)
-
“A Foggy Day”
a hit 1937 song by George Gershwin (UMRG:71,2,1)
-
Let’s Call the Whole Thing Off”
a hit 1937 song by George Gershwin (UMRG:71,2,1)
-
At what age did Irving Berlin pass away?
101 (UMRG:71,2,2)
-
Where did Irving Berlin grow up?
the Lower East Side of Manhattan (UMRG:71,2,2)
-
Why was Irving Berlin able to remain popular for a long period of time?
willingness to adapt his style (UMRG:71,2,2)
-
How many years old was Irving Berlin when his father died?
10 (UMRG:71,2,2)
-
Through what TWO ways did Irving Berlin earn money after his father died?
singing beggar and singing waiter (UMRG:71,2,2)
-
In what field did Irving Berlin obtain a job at age twenty?
publishing (UMRG:71,2,2)
-
What task was Irving Berlin assigned at his publishing job?
writing lyrics (UMRG:71,2,2)
-
“Annie Get Your Gun”
a famous musical by Irving Berlin (UMRG:71,2,2)
-
What kind of business did Irving Berlin start in 1918?
a publishing firm (UMRG:72,1,1)
-
In what key only was Irving Berlin able to play the piano?
F# (UMRG:72,1,1)
-
How did Irving Berlin get around his inability to play in different keys on the piano?
a piano rigged to transpose his playing (UMRG:72,1,1)
-
How did Irving Berlin learn to play the piano?
self‐taught (UMRG:72,1,1)
-
How did Irving Berlin notate his songs?
employed a copyist (UMRG:72,1,1)
-
To what business did Irving Berlin turn for work after the 1929 stock market crash?
film (UMRG:72,1,1)
-
For how many films did Irving Berlin write the score?
10 (UMRG:72,1,1)
-
“Putting On the Ritz”
a famous film scored by Irving Berlin (UMRG:72,1,1)
-
“Top Hat”
a famous film scored by Irving Berlin (UMRG:72,1,1)
-
Which TWO actors starred in “Top Hat”?
Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers (UMRG:72,1,1)
-
How many Broadway shows did Irving Berlin write during the 1930s?
2 (UMRG:72,1,1)
-
Ella Fitzgerald
a famous swing‐era vocalist (UMRG:72,1,2)
-
With what kind of band did Ella Fitzgerald begin her career?
a dance band (UMRG:72,1,2)
-
What part of a song would a vocalist sing in a dance band?
one chorus (UMRG:72,1,2)
-
Why were vocalists in dance bands able to develop solo careers?
were free to record outside the band (UMRG:72,1,2)
-
What THREE physical characteristics contribute to a vocalist’s style?
persona, body language, and facial expression (UMRG:72,1,3)
-
How did Ella Fitzgerald’s repertoire differ from that of Billie Holiday?
more mainstream (UMRG:72,1,4)
-
What TWO fears led vocalists to only sing standard songs in the 1930s?
the risk of alienating audiences and losing income (UMRG:72,1,4)
-
“Strange Fruit”
a famous song performed by Billie Holiday (UMRG:72,1,4)
-
Abel Meeropol
the author of the poem on which the song “Strange Fruit” is based (UMRG:72,1,4)
-
Why was “Strange Fruit” a controversial song?
was about lynching (UMRG:72,1,4)
-
What TWO types of song did Ella Fitzgerald primarily sing?
Broadway standards and lyrical ballads (UMRG:72,1,4)
-
Why were jazz and non‐jazz vocalist performances very similar?
any popular song could receive jazz treatment (UMRG:72,1,5)
-
“Bei Mir Bist Du Schön”
a famous song performed by the Andrews Sisters and by Ella Fitzgerald (UMRG:72,2,1)
-
original title of “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön”
“Bay Mir Bistu Sheyn” (UMRG:72,2,1)
-
In what language was “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön” originally written?
Yiddish (UMRG:72,2,1)
-
For what setting was “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön” intended?
the Yiddish theatre circuit (UMRG:72,2,1)
-
Sholom Secunda
the composer of “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön” (UMRG:72,2,1)
-
Jacob Jacobs
the lyricist of “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön” (UMRG:72,2,1)
-
Why did Sholom Secunda sell the rights to “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön”?
Hollywood and radio had not shown any interest. (UMRG:72,2,1)
-
amount of money Sholom Secunda sold the right to “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön” for
30 dollars (UMRG:73,1,0)
-
To whom did Sholom Secunda sell the rights to “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön”?
a publisher (UMRG:73,1,0)
-
meaning of “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön”
“To Me You Are Beautiful” (UMRG:73,1,0)
-
What part of the original lyrics was preserved in the English version of “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön”?
the title (UMRG:73,1,0)
-
Decca Records
company that released the first recording of “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön” (UMRG:73,1,1)
-
the Andrews Sisters
a famous vocal trio of the 1930s and 1940s (UMRG:73,1,1)
-
home city of the Andrews Sisters
Minneapolis (UMRG:73,1,1)
-
With what THREE major musical acts did the Andrews Sisters famously collaborate?
Glenn Miller Orchestra, Bing Crosby, and Guy Lombardo (UMRG:73,2,0)
-
“Beer Barrel Polka” and “Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy”
two famous songs by the Andrews Sisters (UMRG:73,2,0)
-
Chick Webb Orchestra
a group with whom Ella Fitzgerald performed early in her career (UMRG:73,3,1)
-
What musical device is used to make “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön” seem familiar?
a simple, repetitive harmony that alternates between tonic and dominant (UMRG:73,3,1)
-
Why is the verse form of “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön” unusual?
The sections of the verses are almost identical. (UMRG:73,3,2)
-
What FOUR chords does “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön” use?
I, ii, iv, and V (UMRG:73,3,2)
-
On what chord do the first two parts of the verse end in “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön”?
V (UMRG:73,3,2)
-
On what scale degree does the second part of the verse end in “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön”?
^5 (UMRG:73,3,2)
-
What “exotic” style appears in the melodic motive of “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön”?
Middle Eastern (UMRG:73,3,3)
-
What melodic aspect of “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön” makes it interesting?
chromatic inflections (UMRG:73,3,3)
-
How many times does the first motive appear in the introduction of “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön?
4 (UMRG:73,3,3)
-
scat
improvised, wordless vocal lines (UMRG:73,3,6)
-
What THREE elements demonstrate Ella Fitzgerald’s virtuosity in “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön”?
the details of her performance, her interaction, vocal control (UMRG:73,3,6)
-
With what rhythmic device does the verse of “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön” begin?
anacrusis or pickup (UMRG:73,3,4)
-
What FOUR characteristics make “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön” ideal performer’s music?
simple chords, a clear phrase structure, rhythmic repetition, and melodic repetition (UMRG:73,3,5)
-
What structure characterizes “Bei Mir Bist Du Schön”?
AABA (UMRG:73,3,5)
-
“42nd Street”
a famous 1933 Warner Brothers film (UMRG:75,2,1)
-
subject of the film “42nd Street”
contemporary life on Broadway (UMRG:75,2,1)
-
For what TWO forms of media did the film “42nd Street” constitute an advancement?
film and recording (UMRG:75,2,1)
-
What feature of “42nd Street” became a standard part of musical films in the 1930s?
mass dance numbers (UMRG:75,2,1)
-
two goals of 1930s musical films
spectacle and escapism (UMRG:75,2,2)
-
“The Gay Divorce”
a Cole Porter musical that was adapted to film (UMRG:75,2,2)
-
How many of Cole Porter’s songs did the film adaptation of “The Gay Divorce” preserve?
1 (UMRG:75,2,2)
-
“High Wide and Handsome”
a famous musical film by Jerome Kern (UMRG:75,2,2)
-
the first film to feature Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers
“Flying Down to Rio” (UMRG:76,1,1)
-
two requirements Fred Astaire set for his films
The dance had to move the plot along and the camera could not do close‐ups or move around. (UMRG:76,1,2)
-
two characteristic elements of Busby Berkeley’s choreography
synchronization and spectacle (UMRG:76,2,0)
-
Busby Berkeley
a famous dance musical producer (UMRG:76,1,2)
-
opulent escapism
a musical style that attempted to distract from the bleak outlook of the Great Depression (UMRG:76,2,1)
-
popular songs of the 1930s that have become common material for musicians
standards (UMRG:76,2,1)
-
state of birth of Fred Astaire
Nebraska (UMRG:76,3,1)
-
Fred Astaire’s original name
Frederick Austerlitz (UMRG:76,3,1)
-
In what kind of show did Fred Astaire get his start?
vaudeville (UMRG:76,3,1)
-
“Cheek to Cheek”
a famous song compose by Irving Berlin and performed by Fred Astaire (UMRG:76,3,1)
-
How does the harmonic progression of “Cheek to Cheek” differ from most other Broadway songs?
It strays further from the tonic. (UMRG:76,3,2)
-
rhyme scheme of the A section of “Cheek to Cheek” lyrics
abbb (UMRG:76,3,2)
-
How is the key of the C section related to the key of the rest of the song in “Cheek to Cheek”?
parallel minor (UMRG:77,1,1)
-
rhyming in the C section of “Cheek to Cheek” lyrics
internal rhyme (UMRG:77,1,1)
-
“Brother, Can You Spare a Dime”
a famous song of the 1930s (UMRG:78,1,1)
-
What common Depression‐era style is “Brother, Can You Spare a Dime” a departure from?
opulent escapism (UMRG:78,1,1)
-
What chord progression is used in the introduction to “Brother, Can You Spare a Dime”?
i‐IV‐V (UMRG:78,1,3)
-
Jay Gorney
composer of “Brother, Can You Spare a Dime” (UMRG:78,1,1)
-
What type of harmony is used in “Brother, Can You Spare a Dime”?
chromatic harmony (UMRG:80,1,1)
-
Hillbilly music or country music
rural music played by amateur musicians in depression‐era United States (UMRG:80,1,2)
-
four instruments most commonly used in Hillbilly music
banjo, fiddle, harmonica, and mandolin (UMRG:80,1,2)
-
On what TWO folk traditions was Hillbilly music based?
English and Irish folk music (UMRG:80,1,2)
-
In what FOUR industries were most Hillbilly musicians employed?
mining, mills and factories, agriculture, or railroads (UMRG:80,1,2)
-
What media form made folk music commercially viable?
radio (UMRG:80,1,3)
-
John and Alan Lomax
famous collectors and promoters of folk music in radio (UMRG:80,1,3)
-
bluegrass music
a style of folk music developed in the 1930s (UMRG:80,1,3)
-
Bill Monroe
a fiddle player who pioneered bluegrass music (UMRG:80,2,1)
-
Grand Ole Opry
a nationally broadcast folk music radio show begun in the 1920s (UMRG:80,2,1)
-
Blue Grass Boys
a folk band formed in 1938 by Bill Monroe (UMRG:80,2,1)
-
What kinds of communities had strong regional musical traditions?
ethnic communities founded by immigrants (UMRG:80,2,2)
-
Cecil Sharp
an early pre‐Depression folk music collector (UMRG:81,1,0)
-
nationality of Cecil Sharp’s employer
British (UMRG:81,1,0)
-
What TWO methods did the Archive of American Folk Song use to preserve folk music?
recording and publishing collections of folk songs (UMRG:81,1,1)
-
What attitude did early folk song collectors have toward folk music?
paternalistic, condescending (UMRG:81,1,0)
-
What United States government department set out to preserve folk music in 1914?
Department of Education (UMRG:81,1,1)
-
Asch Records
company that recorded Lead Belly and Woody Guthrie (UMRG:81,2,1)
-
Ruth Crawford and Charles Seeger
two famous late 1930s folk music collectors (UMRG:81,2,1)
-
three Aaron Copland ballets incorporating American folk music
“Billy the Kid,” “Appalachian Spring,” and “Rodeo” (UMRG:81,2,2)
-
William Schuman
a 20th century composer who incorporated American folk songs into his music (UMRG:81,2,2)
-
Virgil Thomson
a 20th century composer who incorporated American folk songs into his music (UMRG:81,2,2)
-
How did the subject matter of 1930s folk songs differ from that of Broadway and Hollywood songs?
took up social causes and politics (UMRG:81,2,3)
-
purpose of 1930s folk songs about poverty and hardship
to inspire crowds at rallies and meetings (UMRG:81,2,3)
-
Woody Guthrie
a famous folk musician of the 1930s and 1940s (UMRG:82,1,1)
-
state of birth of Woody Guthrie
Oklahoma (UMRG:82,1,1)
-
What lifestyle did Woody Guthrie embrace shortly before the stock market crash?
wandering hobo (UMRG:82,1,1)
-
In what TWO states did Woody Guthrie wander during the Dust Bowl years of the Great Depression?
Oklahoma and Texas (UMRG:82,1,1)
-
Why did Woody Guthrie join the migration from Oklahoma to California?
to find work (UMRG:82,1,1)
-
Where did depression‐era migrants from Oklahoma live when they arrived in California?
refugee camps (UMRG:82,1,1)
-
Okies
the name used by Californian workers to refer to Oklahoma migrants (UMRG:82,1,1)
-
What job did Woody Guthrie obtain in 1937?
radio host (UMRG:82,1,2)
-
To which city did Woody Guthrie hitchhike in 1940?
New York City (UMRG:82,1,2)
-
“This Land is Your Land”
a famous Woody Guthrie song (UMRG:82,1,2)
-
“Union Maid”
a famous Woody Guthrie song (UMRG:82,1,2)
-
“So Long, It’s Been Good to Know You”
a famous Woody Guthrie song (UMRG:82,1,2)
-
“Roll On Columbia”
a famous Woody Guthrie song (UMRG:82,1,2)
-
“Pastures of Plenty”
a famous Woody Guthrie song (UMRG:82,1,2)
-
Grapes of Wrath concert
a landmark folk music concert held in March 1940 (UMRG:82,1,3)
-
In what two ways was the Grapes of Wrath concert unusual?
was a formal folk concert held in a New York theatre for a political cause (UMRG:82,1,3)
-
What group received the proceeds of the Grapes of Wrath concert?
impoverished migrant farm workers (UMRG:82,1,3)
-
Which author wrote the book from which the Grapes of Wrath concert borrowed its name?
John Steinbeck (UMRG:82,1,3)
-
Which influential figure first invited Woody Guthrie to record following the Grapes of Wrath concert?
Alan Lomax (UMRG:82,2,0)
-
What event inspired Guthrie’s “So Long, It’s Been Good to Know You”?
a dust storm (UMRG:82,3,1)
-
What THREE performance elements create interest in a folk song?
the delivery style, the attitude of the singer, and subtle alterations to repeated ideas (UMRG:82,3,1)
-
accompaniment pattern of “So Long, It’s Been Good to Know You”
bass notes on the downbeats with chords on beats 2 and 3 (UMRG:83,1,1)
-
What structure best describes the chorus of “So Long, It’s Been Good to Know You”?
A A’ B C D (UMRG:83,1,3)
-
number of verses in “So Long, It’s Been Good to Know You”
6 (UMRG:83,1,7)
-
Pete Seeger
a famous folk songwriter inspired by Woody Guthrie (UMRG:84,3,1)
-
In how many stanzas does Woody Guthrie’s “Tom Joad” summarize The Grapes of Wrath?
17 (UMRG:84,2,1)
-
How did the Soviet Union strengthen the communist organizations of individual countries?
emphasizing local folk music (UMRG:85,1,1)
-
How did Hollywood discourage songwriters from supporting communism?
blacklisting (UMRG:85,2,0)
-
McCarthy Era
a period of strong anti‐communist efforts by the American government in the 1950s (UMRG:85,2,1)
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