bio 20 photosynthesis

organelle found within palisade cell of plant; helps convert light energy to carbs

cells located on leaves of a plant(know diagram)

synthesis of carbohydrates using light energy

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 +6O2

liquid portion found within chloroplast

stack of thylakoid discs

disc containing pigments in membrane

electromagnetic spectrum; range of energy released by solar fusion

light absorbing molecule that converts light energy into electron movement

compounds that convert EMR into usable forms of energy

primary pigment found in green plants

secondary pigment that absorbs light energy that is not already absorbed by chlorophyll a, transfers energy to chlorophyll a

when leaves lose their ability to make chlorophyll a, accessory pigments become visible. chlorophyll b, carotenoids

packet of light energy

center of pigment contains electrons at a 'ground state'; this is where light energy excites electrons to higher energy levels and that energy is transferred to systems within a plant

require light energy; occur within thylakoid membrane and thylakoid space

PS2 and PS1 are in thylakoid membrane; they contain reaction centers where chlorophyll a is at the center, accessory pigments surround this reaction center and transfer light energy to the center (know diagram)

• splitting of water, enzyme located near PS2 produces reaction within thylakoid space 
• H2O --> 2H+ + (1/2)O2 + 2electrons
• After this, O2 is moved out across the thylakoid membrane

in thylakoid membrane, recieves electrons from hydrolysis of water--> electrons are energized by light energy

• series of proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane, accepts electrons from PS2 and slowly release electrons along the chain.
• FIRST PROTEIN IS WEAKEST ELECTRON ACCEPTOR then gets stronger
• LEOGER: protein accepts electron it is reduced, protein donates electron it is oxidized

cluster of pigments along thylakoid membrane that accept electrons from PS2, light energy is used to convert excited electrons and transfer them into NADP+

molecule that transfers electrons and protons to light INdependent reactions, cluster of pigments in PS1 accept electrons from PS2

NADP+ + 2H+ + 2electrons --> NADPH + H+

movement of protons along their concentration gradient, the build up of a proton concentration gradient forces protons through ATP synthase

hydrolyisis generates an increase in proton concentraion in thylakoid space, electron transport chain also forces protons into thylakoid space

generates ATP using proton motice force

H2O and light energy, ATP and NADPH and O2

occurs within stroma, fixes carbon from atmosphere and turns it into carbohydrates. Cycle uses energy from ATP and NADPH to form carbohydrates

CO2 -> RuBP -> RuBisCo-> PGA -> PGAL -> 2PGA (then it combines to form one glucose molecule

transfers phosphates onto carbon molecules

transfers H+ to carbon molecule

CO2 and NADPH and ATP, C6H12O6 and ADP and NADP+ and it fixes CO2 to make glucose within stroma