Which of the following procedures will increase mean airway pressure in a pediatric patient?
C. Increase positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP).
A newborn is delivered and PaCO2 is 68 mm Hg, pH is 7.20. In addition, the infant is apneic, listless and cyanotic. The infant is most likely experiencing which of the following?
B. hypercapnic respiratory failure
Which of the following should be performed as part of preparation for extubation?
D. removal of as much mucus as possible
Breath stacking occurs when using a partial ventilatory support system, such as intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV). Which of the following can result from this situation?
A. patient discomfort
. Which of the following is the primary hazard of CPAP therapy?
A. high pressures
What primary parameter is used to alter the minute ventilation in a pediatric patient?
A. set rate
Which of the following describes the mode of mechanical ventilation where pressure remains constant but compliance or resistance changes?
A. pressure-controlled ventilation
Which of the following is a disadvantage of pressure-controlled ventilation?
A. inconsistent minute ventilation
Following extubation, nebulized racemic epinephrine can be used to
A. treat stridor
What are the primary modes of partial ventilatory support used for neonates?
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)
synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV)
pressure support ventilation (PSV)
B. 1, 2, and 4
. Which mode on the ventilator would be most appropriate for a patient who is experiencing hypoxemic respiratory failure?
B. continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
. CPAP should not be administered to a patient with which of the following conditions?
B. cleft palate
A respiratory therapist is weaning a patient from CPAP as she shows signs of clinical improvement. FIO2 should be decreased in 0.05 decrements until which of the following levels are reached?
A. 0.40 – 0.60
Which of the following require the patient to have a reliable and spontaneous ventilatory pattern?
C. pressure support ventilation (PSV)
A child is severely hypoxemic and cyanotic. At what level should the respiratory therapist automatically set the FIO2?
A. 1.0
Which of the following is a potential hazard of an unnecessarily high rate or short expiratory time in a pediatric patient?
B. respiratory alkalosis
How can continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) prevent the need for continuous mechanical ventilation in infants experiencing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?
B. CPAP increases functional residual capacity (FRC).
Calculate the inspiratory time for a child whose tidal volume is 0.40 L and inspiratory flow is set to 28 L/min.
A. 0.86 sec
Which of the following is an immediate indication for mechanical ventilation in a neonatal patient?
A. respiratory failure
What term describes the highest positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) that should be used in children, resulting in a PaO2greater than 60 mm Hg without cardiac output depression?
D. optimum PEEP
Which of the following helps to avoid infection in patients who are mechanically ventilated?
B. Change ventilator circuits no more than every 48 hours or as the circuit requires.
The correct method to administer CPAP to a child is
A. through an endotracheal tube
A patient weighing 29 pounds is to be mechanically ventilated. What is the first step in determining the corrected tidal volume in this patient?
D. Determine the patient’s weight in kg.
What type of continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) would be indicated for a patient who has been paralyzed due to a traumatic injury?
D. time-triggered
Which of the following indicate a decrease in compliance?
