ch 32

Which of the following are found during rapid eye movement sleep?

1.The diaphragm functions normally.
2.The person is easy to awaken.
3.Dreaming occurs.
4.Skeletal muscles are paralyzed.

A. 1, 2
B. 2, 3, 4
C. 1, 3, 4
D. 1, 2, 3

Signs and symptoms associated with obstructive sleep apnea include:

1.insomnia.
2.excessive daytime sleepiness.
3.hypothyroidism.
4. metabolic alkalosis.

A. 2, 3, 4
B. 3, 4
C. 1, 2, 4
D. 1, 2

Clinical disorders associated with central sleep apnea include:

1.Pickwickian syndrome.
2.depression.
3.encephalitis.
4.brain stem infarction.

A. 3, 4
B. 2, 3, 4
C. 1, 2, 3
D. 1, 2

Sleep apnea would be diagnosed in a patient who has which of these findings?

1.More than 15 apnea episodes per hour of sleep.
2.More than 5 apnea episodes per hour over an 8-hour period.
3.More than 75% of the apneas are obstructive.
4.More than 75% of the apneas and hypopneas are obstructive.

A. 1, 4
B. 2, 3, 4
C. 1, 3, 4
D. 2, 3

Which of the following is typically not evaluated during a polysomnographic sleep study?

A. Chest and/or abdominal movement
B. Electro-oculogram (EONG)
C. Breath sounds.
D. Nasal and oral air flow

Mixed sleep apnea has which of these traits?

1.Obstructive apnea traits
2.Central apnea traits
3.Usually begins as central apnea
4.Usually ends as central apnea

A. 2, 4
B. 1, 2, 3
C. 1, 2, 4
D. 1, 3

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is useful in the management of the patient with obstructive sleep apnea because it:

A. delivers a tidal volume breath to the patient.
B. stretches the J receptors in the chest wall to stimulate breathing.
C. pushes air into and out of the lungs like a mechanical ventilator.
D. prevents airway collapse.

A CPAP titration polysomnogram is performed to:
A. find the CPAP level to maintain an open airway.
B. find the maximum CPAP level for the functional residual capacity.
C. determine the lowest possible CPAP level.
D. determine the pressure needed for negative-pressure ventilation.

First-line treatment for the management of hyperventilation-related central sleep apnea includes:

A. palatopharyngoplasty.
B. mechanical ventilation.
C. CPAP.
D. adaptive servo-ventilation (VPAP).

Which of the following may be used in the management of a patient with central sleep apnea?

1.Acetazolamide
2.Oxygen therapy
3.Inhaled bronchodilator medications
4.Adaptive servo-ventilation (VPAP)

A. 2, 3, 4
B. 1, 3
C. 1, 2, 4
D. 2, 4

During a pulmonary function study, it was found that a patient has a sawtooth pattern on his flow-volume loop. What is this finding associated with?

A. Central sleep apnea
B. COPD
C. Laryngeal edema (epiglottitis)
D. Obstructive sleep apnea

During a pulmonary function study, it was found that a patient has a sawtooth pattern on his flow-volume loop. What is this finding associated with?

A. COPD
B. Obstructive sleep apnea
C. Laryngeal edema (epiglottitis)
D. Central sleep apnea

Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias is life threatening?

A. Sinus bradycardia
B. Premature ventricular contraction
C. Ventricular tachycardia
D. Atrioventricular block

The respiratory therapist is evaluating a patient for risk for obstructive sleep apnea. Which of the following are risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea?

1.Excess weight
2.Large neck size
3.Hypertension
4.Hypoglycemia

A. 1, 3
B. 2, 3, 4
C. 1, 2, 4
D. 1, 2, 3

Which of the following may be a disadvantage of in-home portable sleep testing?

A. Patient acceptance
B. Published standards for scoring or interpretation
C. Performed over multiple nights
D. Convenience

The rationale behind the use of supplemental oxygen in the treatment of sleep apnea is to:

A. stimulate the central chemoreceptors and prevent apneic episodes.
B. preoxygenate the airway prior to the apneic episodes.
C. increase the respiratory drive in the medulla.
D. blow off carbon dioxide in the alveolus.

Scales used in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea include:

1.Glasgow Coma Scale.
2.Epworth Sleepiness scale.
3.Fatigue Severity Scale.
4.Visual Analogue Fatigue Scale.

A. 3, 4
B. 1, 2
C. 2, 3, 4
D. 1, 2, 4