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What are the 3 "hallmarks of science?"
- seeks explanations for observed phenomena that rely on natural causes
- it progress through creation and testing: Models of nature that explain the observations as simple as possibleModels must make testable predictions about natural phenomena; It would have to force to revise or abandon a previous point or position.
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What is pseudoscience?
Any subject that appears scientific, but doesn't follow the 3 "hallmarks" of science.
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What are some example of Pseudoscience? Why?
- Alien abductions
- Ghosts
- Conspiracies
Because these ideas cannot be repeated or tested !
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What are some attributes of pseudoscience claims?
- use of vague, exaggerated // untestable claims
- over-reliance on confirmation rather than refutation
- lack of openess to testing (progress)
- misleading language
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What is the building block of matter?
The Atom.
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When atoms are combined, what do they fom
Molecules
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What are the three particles present within a molecule?
Electron, Proton, and Neutron.
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What are the measurements of an average atom?
- nucleus = 10-15 entire atom = 10-10
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What are the forces that hold atoms together?
- Strong force
- Weak force
- Electromagnetic force
- Gravitational force
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What are the four states of matter?
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As far as astronomy and space works, heavier elements are created when _______ ______.
As far as astronomy and space works, heavier elements are created when stars explode.
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What is the formula for Energy?
E = mc2
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You can ______ or ______ atoms to create energy.
You can combine or destroy atoms to create energy.
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This is an example of _____?
Pair production
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This is an example of _____.
Annihilation.
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What does the term "half-life" refer to?
"Half-life" is the amount of time it takes for half of the mass to convert and decay.
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Fission is...
breaking bigger nuclei into smaller - creating energy.
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Fussion is...
combining smaller nuclei into a bigger nucleus - getting/creating energy.
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What powers the stars?
Helium
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75% of the world is ____.
24% of the world is ____.
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What makes up the sun?
73.5% Hydrogen, 24.8% Helium, 0.788% Oxygen, 0.326% Carbon, 0.118% Nitrogen
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The ability to do work is?
Energy.
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The basic unit for energy is ____.
The Joule
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The rate in which energy is used is _____.
Power
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The sun is hydrostatic equilibrium. This means that the sun is ...?
Nor shrinking or contracting.
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Who was the first to use a telescope?
Galileo Galilei.
He was not the inventor of the telescope; however, he was the first to use it to observe the sky. (to record and explain what he saw).
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What were some of Galileo's first observations?
- the moon had mountains and valleys
- milky way had stars
- Jupiter had 4 moons; it introduced the idea that something besides the earth was the center of the universe. sunspots
- phases of Venus
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What was the name of the program Galileo published that was banned by the church?
Dialogo dei Massimi Sistemi
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Why was "Dialogo dei Due Massimi Sistemi" banned by the church?
Because Galileo basically, personally insulted the Pope with it.
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If you build a telescope twice as big, you gain _ _____ as much light.
If you build a telescope twice as big, you gain 4 times as much light.
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What are three of the main functions of a telescope?
- light gathering
- resolution
- magnification
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Light speed is a constant, and is represented by what equation?
c = 3 x 108 m/s
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The longer the wave length the _______ the color.
The longer the wave length the redder the color.
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The shorter the wave length, the _____ the color.
The shorter the wave length, the bluer the color.
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Visible light has a wave length of:
400 - 700 mm. [4 x 10-7 -- 7 x 10-7]
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Angles are measured in degrees.
- 1 degree = 60 arcminutes
- 1 arcminute = 60 arcseconds
- 1 degree = 3600 arcseconds
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