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laws of chemical combination
law of conservation of mass and law of definite proportions
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law of conservation of mass
No detectable gain or loss of mass occurs in chemical reactions. Mass is conserved.
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law of definite proportions
n a given chemical compound, the elements are always combined in the same proportions by mass.
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Dalton's Atomic thoery
1. Matter consists of tiny particles called atoms.
2. Atoms are indestructible. In chemical reactions, the atoms rearrange but they do not themselves break apart.
3. In any sample of a pure element, all the atoms are identical in mass and other properties.
4. The atoms of different elements differ in mass and other properties.
5. When atoms of different elements combine to form compounds, new and more complex particles form. However, in a given compound the constituent atoms are always present in the same fixed numerical ratio.
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Law of multiple porportions
Whenever two elements form more than one compound, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers.
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subatomic particles
protons,neutrons, electrons and atomic nuclei
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nucleons
protons and nuetrons
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Atomic number
number of protons
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Isotope
Atoms of the same element with different atomic masses. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei
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Mass number
protons + nuetrons
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Alkali metals
The Group IA elements (except hydrogen)—lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium.
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Akaline earth metals
The Group IIA elements—beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium.
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Halogens
Group VIIA in the periodic table—fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine.
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Nitrogen Family
nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth
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maleabillity
A metal's ability to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets
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ductility
ability to be drawn into wire
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Naturally occuring diatoms
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hydrates
A compound that contains molecules of water in a definite ratio to other components.
indicated by a dot
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moleclular compounds
A compound consisting of electrically neutral molecules.
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hydrides
A binary compound of hydrogen. (b) A compound containing the hydride ion (H-)
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alcohols
An organic compound whose molecules have the OH group attached to tetrahedral carbon
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ionic compound
consisting of pos and neg ions
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binary compounds
A compound composed of two different elements.
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polyatomic ions
An ion composed of two or more atoms.
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Ternary salts
salts containing 3 elements
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