Conservation History

• 1964 pivotal work on pesticide contamination
• wrote a book called "silent spring"
• became a scientist and editor for Fish and Wildlife Service

• "Father of Wildlife Ecology"
• 1924 with bob marshall designated the first forest service wilderness area
• 1933 published "game management"
• 1935 helped found the wilderness society
• 1939 helped found the wildlife society
• 1949 published "sand county almanac" promoted sustainable land use

• Founder of the wilderness society
• head of recreation and lands for the US Forest Service
• Shaped US Forest Service Policy on "wilderness designation and management"
• one of the first 46ers
• ardent wilderness advocate

part of the "quiet crisis" which called for comprehensive environmental planning and environmental regulation by the government

• she became a pioneering advocate for outdoor nature study
• she developed a course study for outdoor learning
• published "Handbook of Nature Study"
• inducted into National Wildlife Federation Conservation hall of fame

• "Father of American Ornithology"
• was an artist painting life like paintings of birds

• first cheif of the US forest service 1905-10
• advocated conservation of the forest reserves by planned use and renewel
• coined the term "conservation" as applied to natural resources

• "Father of the American nature essay"
• took a job with the U.S Treasury

• was a gifted cartoonist and dedicated conservationist
• appointed head of the U.S Biological Survey
• key player in the passage of Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act
• founder of the National Wildlife Federation

• Muir walked 1,000 miles from Indiana to Fl.
• became an ardent preservationist for the Sierra Mountains
• founder of the Sierra Club

• yellowstone national park march 1, 1872
• president Grant

• exploitation
• preservation
• restoration
• environmental quality

study of change in human interactions within their natural environment

• shaped a new attitude towards wild nature by their romantic and transcedentalist essays
• nature (emerson)
• walden (thoreau)
• the maine woods (thoreau)

founding director of US national park service fought to preserve parks from private exploitation

reservation and maintance of resources by forestalling use and destruction or NON-USE!

• all outdoor resources as one integral whole, everythings inerelated
• conservation as "wise use" as a public responsibility
• science is the tool for discharging that responsibility

reduced human mobility and land clearing resulted in habitat alteration and soil disturbance

individual state departments of conservation primarily concerned with decline of wildlife resources

mass mobilization and destruction of US resources

wise use of our natural resources

hunters and gathers

primarily irragated agriculture in the arid southwest, woodland agriculture and eastern decidious forests

• after colonies established the economy it was based on trade of North Americas abundant natural resources
• theory came about that there was always more out west
• then came market hunting, clear cutting and strip mining

kublai khan 1215-1294

moratorium on taking and importing marine mammals their parts and products

US Fish and Wildlife service created in the Dept of the interior, divided into regions

• faltering world economy & cost of environmental clean up resulted in a retreat of the federal
• government from the committment to environmental quality of 1980's
• lack of federal aid left a void in state and local governments

• lyndon johnson
• a place where vehicles would not be allowed, where no permanent camps or structures could be made
• where wildlife and its habitat would be kept in as primitive condition as possible

2,652 camps in North America did soil and water conservation reforestation etc

help farmers and teach them proper farming practices, developed because of the dust bowl

• preservation had become restoration soil and water recognized as a natural resource
• this was because of "the dust bowl" and "the great depression"

increased urbanization resulted in increase of fragmentation of natural ecosystems

economy, environment and society

• campaigned as the environmental president
• was a mixed president
• had a moratorium on drilling on the US coast
• spotted owl placed on the endangered species list
• valdez oil spill response

• atomic energy creates a new source of "clean" electrical power
• but: nuclear power = bombs

stated that you can list an endangered species but you also have to come up with something to help protect them

moratorium on taking and importing marine mammals their parts and products

JFK and Stewart Udall during the 1960's

• must attain the widest range of benefical uses of the environment without degradation, risk to health or safety
• or other undesirable and unintended consequences
• EPA added that environmental impact statements must be prepared before federal monies could be expended

the role of non-governmental agencies have increased tremendously in influencing governement environmental policy

conservation of soil, water forest and wildlife in an entire drainage basin

increased urbanization resulted in increase of fragmentation of natural ecosystems

Gaylord Nelson senator from Wisconsin

few positive federal environmental laws have been passed