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RACHEL CARSON (1907-1964)
- 1964 pivotal work on pesticide contamination
- wrote a book called "silent spring"
- became a scientist and editor for Fish and Wildlife Service
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ALDO LEOPOLD (1887-1948)
- "Father of Wildlife Ecology"
- 1924 with bob marshall designated the first forest service wilderness area
- 1933 published "game management"
- 1935 helped found the wilderness society
- 1939 helped found the wildlife society
- 1949 published "sand county almanac" promoted sustainable land use
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BOB MARSHALL (1901-1939)
- Founder of the wilderness society
- head of recreation and lands for the US Forest Service
- Shaped US Forest Service Policy on "wilderness designation and management"
- one of the first 46ers
- ardent wilderness advocate
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STEWART UDALL-1963
part of the "quiet crisis" which called for comprehensive environmental planning and environmental regulation by the government
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ANNA BOTSFORD COMSTOCK-1854-1930
- she became a pioneering advocate for outdoor nature study
- she developed a course study for outdoor learning
- published "Handbook of Nature Study"
- inducted into National Wildlife Federation Conservation hall of fame
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JOHN JAMES AUDUBON 1785-1851
- "Father of American Ornithology"
- was an artist painting life like paintings of birds
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GIFFORD PINCHOT 1865-1946
- first cheif of the US forest service 1905-10
- advocated conservation of the forest reserves by planned use and renewel
- coined the term "conservation" as applied to natural resources
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JOHN BURROUGHS 1837-1921
- "Father of the American nature essay"
- took a job with the U.S Treasury
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JAY N. DARLING 1876-1962
- was a gifted cartoonist and dedicated conservationist
- appointed head of the U.S Biological Survey
- key player in the passage of Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act
- founder of the National Wildlife Federation
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JOHN MUIR 1838-1914
- Muir walked 1,000 miles from Indiana to Fl.
- became an ardent preservationist for the Sierra Mountains
- founder of the Sierra Club
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WHAT WAS THE FIRST NATIONAL PARK AND UNDER WHAT PRESIDENT?
- yellowstone national park march 1, 1872
- president Grant
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WHAT ARE THE US CONSERVATION PERIODS?
- exploitation
- preservation
- restoration
- environmental quality
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NATURAL RESOURCE DEVELOPEMENT AND MANAGEMENT
study of change in human interactions within their natural environment
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HENRY DAVID THOREAU / RALPH WALDO EMERSON
- shaped a new attitude towards wild nature by their romantic and transcedentalist essays
- nature (emerson)
- walden (thoreau)
- the maine woods (thoreau)
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STEPHEN MATHER 1867-1930
founding director of US national park service fought to preserve parks from private exploitation
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PRESERVATION
reservation and maintance of resources by forestalling use and destruction or NON-USE!
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WHAT IS THE ROOSEVELT DOCTURINE ON CONSERVATION?
- all outdoor resources as one integral whole, everythings inerelated
- conservation as "wise use" as a public responsibility
- science is the tool for discharging that responsibility
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WHAT DID EARLY AGRICULTURE CAUSE?
reduced human mobility and land clearing resulted in habitat alteration and soil disturbance
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WHAT WAS THE TURN OF THE CENTURY?
individual state departments of conservation primarily concerned with decline of wildlife resources
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WHAT DID THE CIVIL WAR IN 1861 CAUSE?
mass mobilization and destruction of US resources
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CONSERVATION
wise use of our natural resources
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WHAT WERE EARLY SOCIETIES CALLED?
hunters and gathers
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WHAT IS AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT?
primarily irragated agriculture in the arid southwest, woodland agriculture and eastern decidious forests
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EXPLAIN EXPLOITATION?
- after colonies established the economy it was based on trade of North Americas abundant natural resources
- theory came about that there was always more out west
- then came market hunting, clear cutting and strip mining
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WHO WAS THE FIRST WILDLIFE MANAGER?
kublai khan 1215-1294
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WHAT IS THE MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT 1972?
moratorium on taking and importing marine mammals their parts and products
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WHAT HAPPENED IN 1940's?
US Fish and Wildlife service created in the Dept of the interior, divided into regions
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UNDER RONALD REAGAN WHAT HAPPENED?
- faltering world economy & cost of environmental clean up resulted in a retreat of the federal
- government from the committment to environmental quality of 1980's
- lack of federal aid left a void in state and local governments
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WILDERNESS ACT-1964
- lyndon johnson
- a place where vehicles would not be allowed, where no permanent camps or structures could be made
- where wildlife and its habitat would be kept in as primitive condition as possible
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CCC-1933 (CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS)
2,652 camps in North America did soil and water conservation reforestation etc
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SCS-1935 (SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE)
help farmers and teach them proper farming practices, developed because of the dust bowl
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WHAT DID THE RESTORATION OF THE 1930'S INCLUDE?
- preservation had become restoration soil and water recognized as a natural resource
- this was because of "the dust bowl" and "the great depression"
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WHAT HAPPENED IN THE 1950'S?
increased urbanization resulted in increase of fragmentation of natural ecosystems
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WHATS PART OF SUSTAINABILITY?
economy, environment and society
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WHAT HAPPENED UNDER GEORGE HW BUSH?
- campaigned as the environmental president
- was a mixed president
- had a moratorium on drilling on the US coast
- spotted owl placed on the endangered species list
- valdez oil spill response
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WHAT WAS THE RESULT OF WWII?
- atomic energy creates a new source of "clean" electrical power
- but: nuclear power = bombs
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WHAT WAS THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT 1973?
stated that you can list an endangered species but you also have to come up with something to help protect them
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WHAT WAS THE MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT 1972?
moratorium on taking and importing marine mammals their parts and products
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WHO WAS PART OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY?
JFK and Stewart Udall during the 1960's
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NEPA 1969, EPA 1970, FEDERAL PLANS MUST?
- must attain the widest range of benefical uses of the environment without degradation, risk to health or safety
- or other undesirable and unintended consequences
- EPA added that environmental impact statements must be prepared before federal monies could be expended
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WHAT HAPPENED IN THE 2000's?
the role of non-governmental agencies have increased tremendously in influencing governement environmental policy
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TVA 1933 (Tennesse Valley Authority)
conservation of soil, water forest and wildlife in an entire drainage basin
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WHAT HAPPENED IN THE 1950'S?
increased urbanization resulted in increase of fragmentation of natural ecosystems
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WHO WAS THE SENATOR ASSOCIATED WITH EARTH DAY 1970?
Gaylord Nelson senator from Wisconsin
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1980-TODAY?
few positive federal environmental laws have been passed
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