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Chapter 21a

  1. How can you make a reaction with a weak nucleophile faster?
    Add heat
  2. Alcoholysis
    When an acid halide is converted to an ester using an alcohol
  3. Hydrolysis
    When an acid halide is converted to an ester using water
  4. What is the order of species susceptible to nucleophilic attack, from most susceptible to least susceptible:
    • Acid chloride
    • Acid anhydride
    • Ketones and aldehydes
    • Carboxylic acids
    • Amides
    • Caboxylate anions
  5. Aminolysis
    Turn acid chlorides and acid anhydrdies into amines, with either two equivalents of the same amine or two different amines
  6. What are reagents can be used to synthesize acid halides?
    Phosphorus trichloride (PCL3) and thionyl chloride (SOCL2)
  7. In the SOCl2 reaction, the ____ acts as the nucleophile and the ____ as the electrophile
    • Oxygen
    • Sulfur
  8. Bromination occurs are the alpha carbon of aldehydes and ketones but not with _____
    carboxylic acids
  9. Why does bromination not occur with carboxylic acids under basic conditions?
    The bromine would simply take the H from the alcohol and be done
  10. Why does bromination not occur with carboxylic acids under acidic conditions?
    The structure is resonance stabilized so there is nothing to enolate
  11. HVZ reaction
    Converts a carboxylic acid into an alpha bromoacid

    This gives it synthetic utility, meaning it can be used as an intermediate for things
Author
BagelHyrax
ID
358141
Card Set
Chapter 21a
Description
Updated

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