Chapter 9: Cell Continuity

  1. What are the 4 functions of meiosis?
    • SILLY GARRY FORGOT ZEBRAS
    • 1.Sexual reproduction / gamete formation: as daughter cells are haploid they can combine with similar cells at fertilisation to restore diploid number.
    • 2.Genetic variation: crossing over, independent assortment, offspring a mix of different genes.
    • 3. Formation of haploid spores: in flowering plants.
    • 4. Zygospore germination: development of an active haploid vegetative phase in Rhizopus from the diploid dormant zygospore.
  2. How is sexual reproduction / gamete formation a function of meiosis?
    As the daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes they can combine with similar cells at fertilisation to restore the diploid number.
  3. How is the diploid number restored?
    Sexual reproduction / gamete formation: Haploid daughter cells combine with similar cells at fertilisation to restore the diploid number.
  4. How is genetic variation a function of meiosis?
    • Genetic Variation:
    • Crossing over changes the arrangement of genes.
    • Independent assortment- a cell with genes AaBb will produce equal numbers of gametes with genes AB, Ab, aB, ab, therefore at fertilisation new genetic combinations may arise.
    • In sexual reproduction, variety in offspring is got by mixing the different genes of the two parents.
  5. What changes the arrangement of genes?
    Crossing over changes the arrangement of genes (genetic variation).
  6. What is independent assortment?
    Independent assortment- a cell with the genes AaBb will produce equal numbers of gametes with genes AB, Ab, aB, ab, therefore at fertilisation new genetic combinations may arise.
  7. How is formation of haploid spores a function of meiosis?
    • Flowering plants - pollen mother cells in anther of stamen undergo meiosis forming haploid micro spores from which the sperm / gametes develop by mitosis.
    • Embryo sac mother cell in ovule of the carpel undergoes meiosis to form the haploid which develop into the egg and polar nucleus by mitosis.
  8. In flowering plants what undergoes meiosis?
    • Pollen mother cells in anther of stamen undergo meiosis forming haploid microspores
    • Embryo sac mother cell in ovule of the carpel undergoes meiosis to form the haploid.
  9. What is formed when pollen mother cells in anther of stamen undergo meiosis, in flowering plants ?
    Pollen mother cells in anther of stamen undergo meiosis forming haploid microspores from which the sperm / gametes develop.
  10. What are haploid microspores in flowering plants?
    Pollen grains
  11. What is an embryo sac mother cell?
    Male sporophyte.
  12. Where is the embryo sac mother cell situated?
    Embryo sac mother cell in ovule of the carpel
  13. What undergoes meiosis in the ovule of the carpel?
    Embryo sac mother cell in ovule of the carpel undergoes meiosis to form the haploid
  14. How is zygospore germination a function of meiosis?
    Zygospore germination: the development of an active haploid vegetative phase in Rhizopus from the diploid dormant zygospore.
  15. What does meiosis produce in animals?
    Meiosis in animals produces gametes.
  16. What does meiosis produce in plants?
    Meiosis in plants produces spores (which later produce gametes).
  17. Where is the occurrence of meiosis in male mammals?
    Testes of male mammals.
  18. Where is the occurrence of meiosis in female mammals?
    Ovaries of the female mammals.
  19. Where is the occurrence of meiosis in angiosperms?
    • Anther of the male (has pollen),
    • Ovule of the female.
  20. What are angiosperms ?
    Flowering plants.
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jacquelineglynn
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Chapter 9: Cell Continuity
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