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bluish discoloration of skin & mucous membranes caused by an excess of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood
cyanotic
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instrument for measuring blood pressure
Sphygmomanometer
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difficult or labored breathing
dyspnea
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1. abnormal rapidity of breathing; respiratory rates greater than 20 breaths per minute (adult)
a. Common causes – exercise, fever, anxiety, pain, infection, heart failure, chest trauma, decreased O2 in the blood, & central nervous system disease
Tachypnea
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1. pulmonary ventilation rate greater than that metabolically necessary for gas exchange, resulting from an increased respiration rate, tidal volume, or both. It causes an excessive intake of oxygen & elimination of CO2 & may cause hyperoxygenenation.
hyperventilation
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1. pertaining to contraction, or a period of contraction, of the heart (myocardium), especially that of the ventricles
systolic
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pertaining to dilation, or a period of dilatation, of the heart, especially of the ventricles
diastolic
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profuse sweating
diaphoretic
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in front of the elbow
antecubital
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1. rapidity of the heart action, a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute
a. Common causes – exercise, fever, anemia, respiratory disorders, congestive heart failure, hypoxemia, shock—for increased cellular demands for O2
b. Pain, anger, fear, anxiety, & medications—stimulus is through nervous system not the demand for O2
tachycardia
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state of profound unconsciousness; abnormally deep sleep
coma
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disorientation regarding time, place, person, or situation. It causes bewilderment, perplexity, lack of orderly thought, & inability to choose or act decisively & perform the activities of daily living.
confused
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pertaining to events, conditions, or behavior that may be considered unreasonable
irrational
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hindrance of an action (movement)
constraints/restraints
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physiologic increase in the diameter of a body opening, blood vessel, or tube.
dilated
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state of mental confusion characterized by inadequate or incorrect perceptions of place, time, or personal identity & relationships
disoriented
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excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition; characterized by an extreme loss of subcutaneous fat that results in abnormally lean body, such as with starvation
emaciated
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1. pertaining to or resembling jaundice
icteric
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a yellow discoloration of skin, mucous membranes, & sclerae of the eyes caused by greater than normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood
jaundiced
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1. tough, inelastic white opaque membrane covering the posterior five sixths of the eyebulb. It maintains the size & form of the bulb & attaches to muscles that move the bulb
sclera
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state of unresponsiveness in which a person seems unaware of the surroundings. Occurs in neurologic & psychiatric disorders; person may be totally or almost totally immobile & unresponsive, even to painful stimuli.
stupor
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escape of blood from the vessels; bleeding; loss of a large amount of blood in a short period, either externally or internally
hemorrhage
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characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity, & calcification of arterial walls. It results in decreased blood supply, especially to cerebrum & lower extremities.
arteriosclerosis
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elevation of body temperature above the normal circadian range as a result of an increase in the body’s core temperature
pyrexia/fever
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bleeding from the nose caused by local irritation of mucous membranes, violent sneezing, and fragility of the mucous membrane or of the arterial walls, chronic infection, trauma, hypertension, leukemia, vit. K deficiency or, most often picking the nose
epitaxis/nosebleed
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presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the tissues of the body
edema
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coughing up of blood from the respiratory tract.
hemoptysis
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pertaining to, or characterized by fever
febrile
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abnormal pattern of respiration, characterized by alternating periods of apnea & deep, rapid breathing
Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR)
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1. State 4 reasons for learning good patient evaluation skills
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a. Person needs
- b. Physician extender
- c. Prioritize
- d. Patient monitoring
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97.7-99.5 degree F (36.5-37.5 degree C)
normal range for oral temperature
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98.6 degree F
oral temperature
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97.6 degree F
axillary temperature
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99.6 degree F
rectal temperature
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60-100 beats per minute
normal range for adult pulse (apical side near thumb)
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70-120 beats per minute
normal range for children under 10 pulses
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70 beats per minute
average adult pulse
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12-20 breaths per minute
normal range for adult respiration
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20-30 breaths per minute
normal range for children respiration
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30-60 breaths per minute
normal range for newborn respiration
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16 breaths per minute
average adult respiration
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95-140 mm Hg
normal range for systolic BP
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60-90 mm Hg
normal range for diastolic BP
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