bio 20 natural selection

DNA or RNA

produce evolving organisms; somatic cells or gamete cells

body cell; only affects that cell and daughter cell

sex cell; affect every replicated cell

climate change, inbreeding, common ear infection, did not adapt, population replacement

• introduced binomial nomenclature
• darwin used this classification to reflect evolutionary relationships

two part latin used to name based on general appearance, genus, and species

paleontology -observed layering of the earth and associated similar fossils (darwin used this to support gradualism)

• changes to Earth's geology took place over long periods of time
• darwin applied this to gradualisn

theorize that food production would not keep pace with human population (natural selection)

organisms could will themselves to evolve and inherit acquired traits

DNA, eggs, or sperm

process through which populations of organisms adapt and change to survive and pass on their traits to offspring

diagram used to represent hypothetical relationship between groups of animals

history of evolution within a species or group

science of classification according to relationship of organisms

• prokaryotes lack nucleus
• eukaryotes contain nucleus

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

breeding of variations in population to produce desirable traits

the resistance that bacteria can gain can be passed on through their genes; there is an evolution of 'superbugs' which results in bacteria resistant to most antibiotics

• fossils - demonstrate changes that have occurred to species over long periods of time
• radioisotope dating - use of decaying isotopes to determine age of fossil

• biogeography - pangaea split
• anatomy (vestigial structures - non functional structures which suggest organisms undergo evolution)

structures that indicate close evolutionary relationships (diff. in function, similar in structure)

structures that indicate distant evolutionary relationships (same function, diff. structure)

all organisms based on nucleus of DNA or RNA which suggests a distant common ancestor for all organisms

study of embryos (evidence suggests that organisms have common ancestor as shown by early development of different species)

(paper moth ex.) evolution that occurs over a shorter period of time

organisms hibernate or migrate to adapt

organisms alter hair color or thickness to adapt

organisms contain certain structures that are adapted to diff. temperatures

existence of biological factors (barriers) that impede members of two species from interbreeding

before the zygote (block fertilization from occurring)

the fertilized egg

after the zygote (HYBRIDS ARE STERILE)

diversification of a common ancestral species into a variety of species which are all differently adapted

slow gradual change in a species

rapid changes followed by long periods of stability

a change of one species into another

the evolving of a species into two or more separate species

• abiotic - non living
• biotic - living

• 1. abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules
• 2. joining of small molecules into macromolecules
• 3. packaging of these molecules into protocells 
• 4. origin of self-replicating molecules that made inheritance possible

• mitochondria and plastids were formerly small prokaryotes that began living within larger cells
• (endosymbiont means cell that lives within another cell called the host cell)

droplets with membranes that maintained an internal chemistry different than that of their surroundings

general term for chloroplasts and related organelles

• intra - competition between individuals from same species
• inter - competition between individuals from different species

what we don't use, we lose