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Prokaryotic cell
nucleoid, ribosomes, plasma membrane, cell wall, capsule, flagella, pili
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Eukaryotic cell (animal)
nucleus, plasma membrane, ribosome, golgi apparatus, cytosol/cytoplasm, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth), flagellum, centrosome, cytoskeleton, peroxisome, microvilli, mitochondrion
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Eukaryotic cell (plant)
central vacuole, cell wall, chloroplast, plasmadesmata, nucleus, centrosome, golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, peroxisome, plasma membrane, ER
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Plasma membrane
selective barrier, specific transport of nutrients and waste products, attachment/communication w/ environment
some proteins are inside plasma membrane and most of the proteins are receptors
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Ribosomes
complexes of proteins and RNA that carry out translation; make proteins using genetic information
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Nucleus
contains most of a cell's DNA
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Nucleolus
site of rRNA synthesis and ribosomal assembly
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Chromatin
DNA + proteins (DNA folded around proteins)
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Exocytosis?
secretion of proteins from transport vesicles through plasma membrane
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lysosome
digests macromolecules; hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, nucleic acids; phagocytosis AND autophagy (recycle/destroy components of cell such as damaged organelles)
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Mitochondria
site of cellular respiration, creates ATP (adenosine triphosphate), has some DNA (mother's)
2 membranes, smooth outer, folded inner (adds to surface area)
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Chloroplasts
found in plants and algae, is the site of photosynthesis; contains chloropyll (green pigment), contains thylakoids (stacks of granums), stroma (internal fluid)
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Cytoskeleton
network of fibers within cytoplasm, organizes and maintains cell structure, has three structures: microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filament, has "monorails" for vesicles
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Phalloidin
mushroom poison that binds to cytoskeleton and causes paralysis
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Microvilli
increases surface area of a cell
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Plasmodesmata
found in plant cells, channels that perforate cell walls; water and small solutes can pass from cell to cell (sometimes proteins and DNA too)
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Microtubules
thickest, serve as intracellular highways for transporting vesicles and organelles, control beating of cilia and flagella
hollow, shape and support the cell
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Cilia
hairlike projection on surface of cell (controlled by microtubules), helps move by power strokes and recovery strokes
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Flagella
tail-like structures that help move cells
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Dysein
motor protein, drives the bending movements of ceilium or flagellum
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Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
only in animal cells, equivalent of cell wall in plant cells, helps support, adhesion, movement and regulation; binds to receptor proteins
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Microfilaments
also called actin filaments, helps support cell's shape, makes up core of microvilli of intestinal cells, contains protein myosin and actin, found mostly in muscle cells
They are responsible for cell locomotion and the cell’s structural characteristics
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Amoeboid Movement
contractions brought by actin and myosin, causes pseudopodia
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Tight junctions
membranes of neighboring cells pressed together, prevents leakage of extracellular fliud
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Desmosomes (anchoring junctions)
anchoring junctions, fastens cells together into strong sheets
BIND ANIMAL CELLS TOGETHER
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Gap junctions
communicating junctions, provide cyplasmic channels between adjacent cells
ALLOWS PASSAGE OF MATERIAL BETWEEN CELLS
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Pili
surface appendages that allow a bacteria to stick to surfaces
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Nuceloid Region
location where DNA of a prokaryotic is
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Golgi apparatus
protein modification and sorting; cisternal maturation
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Smooth ER
lipid synthesis, calcium ion storage, and poison detoxification
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Rough ER
protein synthesis; manufactors cellular membranes by adding proteins and phopholipids to its own membranes
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Free ribosomes
makes proteins that function WITHIN the cytosol
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bound ribosomes
make proteins that function within endomembrane system or secreted through cell
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Pulse phase
tagged cells with high concentration of radioactive amino acids
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chase phase
unlabeled amino acids
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What are the difference between plant and animal cells?
chloroplast, cellulose cell wall, central vacuole in plants
centriole in animals
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Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
nucleoid in prokaryotes
lysosome, nucleolus and mitochondria in eukaryotes
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Intermediate filaments
rope-like structures that anchor organelles and intercellular junctions called desmosomes; specialize in bearing tension
ONLY FIBERS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH LOCOMOTION
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Peroxisome
produces H2O2 as a byproduct
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Collagen
fibers of glycoproteins found in ECM that provide structural support
found in animals
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Desmosomes
protein membranes that strengthen adhesion between adjacent cells to protect against pulling forces
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