bio 20 AP

chemical reactions that take place in the body to convert food into energy.

CATABOLIC REACTIONS - breaks down large things/chemicals into smaller things/chemicals.

ANABOLIC REACTIONS - builds up smaller things/chemicals into bigger things/chemicals.

anything below an 7 on the ph scale is an ACID.

anything above a 7 on the pH scale is a BASE.

7 is neutral.

MONOMERS: a single 'building block' that can react with other monomers.

POLYMERS: multiple monomers together that have come together to form a larger chemical compound.

ex; a monomer would be glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and a polymer would be glycogen (many glucoses together).

• ↦ it ends in 'ose'.
• ↦ it contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

MONOSACCHARIDE: 1 (one) sugar

DISACCHARIDE: made up of 2 (two) monosaccharides together by dehydration synthesis★

POLYSACCHARIDE: many sugars put together

★ more on dehydration synthesis in question 8

isomers are chemicals that have the same chemical formulas but have a different arrangement

ex; glucose and fructose (C₆H₁₂O₆)

dehydration synthesis

↦ removing water  ↦ make 

• removing hydrogen from one monosaccharide and one hydrogen + one oxygen from another monosaccharide to form H₂O. the remaining oxygen from the first monosaccharide joins with the second one. 
•    → taking away H₂O from two monosaccharides to join them together. 

- starts off as a polysaccharide, enzymes break it down into smaller pieces; disaccharides. enzymes then break it down even further into monosaccharides.

• - starch is plant storage for sugar
• - glycogen is anime storage for sugar 

we cannot digest cellulose unlike glycogen and starch(not easily) because the cross branching is more complex than that of glycogen and starch.

•  
• (complex = polysaccharides)