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Two Parts:
upper respiratory tract
nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx
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Two parts:
lower respiratory tract
larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs
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1) Nose
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- -Supported by bone and cartilage
- -Provides an entrance for air
- -Air is filtered by coarse hairs inside the nostrils
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2) Nasal Cavity
A. A space posterior to the nose. Divided medially by ____.
B. _____ divide the cavity into passageways
-Lined with mucous membrane
-Helps increase the surface area available to warm and filter incoming air.
C. Particles trapped in the _____ are carried to the pharynx by ____, swallowed, and carried to the stomach where gastric juice destroys any microorganisms in the mucus.
a) nasal septum
b) nasal conchae
c) mucus, cilia
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3) Paranasal Sinuses
A. Air-filled spaces within the _____, ____, _____, and _____ bones of the skull.
B. Spaces open to the _____, lined with _______ that is continuous with that lining the nasal cavity.
C. Purpose: To reduce the _____ and serve as a resonant chamber to affect the ____
a) maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid
b) nasal cavity, mucus membrane
c) weight of the skull, quality of the vouce
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4) Pharynx
A. Common passageway for ____.
B. Aids in producing sounds for _____.
C. Made up of _______ regions.
a) Air and food
b) speech
c) naso, oro, and laryngo
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5. Larynx
A. Enlargement in the airway superior to the _____ and inferior to the ______.
B. Helps keep particles from entering the trachea and also houses the _____.
C. Composed of a framework of ____ and _____ bound by elastic tissue.
D. Also includes the ____ (space between & around the vocal cords) and the ____ (a thin cartilaginous flap that covers the entrance to the larynx during swallowing, preventing food from entering the trachea)
a) trachea, pharynx
b) vocal cords
c) muscles, cartilage
d) glottis, epiglottis
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______- Inside the larynx. Two pairs of folds of muscle and connective tissue covered with mucous membrane
1) ____ vocal cords- upper pair
2) ____ vocal cords- lower pair
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____ caused by changing tension on the vocal cords
pitch
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______ caused by increasing the force of air vibrating the vocal cords.
loudness
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during normal breathing, the vocal cords are relaxed and the _____ is a triangular slit
glottis
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during swallowing, the false vocal cords and epiglottis close off the ____
glottis
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6. Trachea
A. Extends downward anterior to the esophagus and into the thoracic cavity, where it splits into right and left ____.
B. Lined with ciliated mucous membrane with many ____ that serve to trap incoming particles.
C. Supported by 20 incomplete _____ rings.
a) bronchi
b) goblet cells
c) catilaginous
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