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What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water molecules across a cell membrane.
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What is diffusion?
A process where very small particles can pass directly across the cell membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
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What can diffuse directly across the cell membrane without requiring the cell to expend energy to intake or remove them?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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What is a hypertonic solution?
A solution with the higher concentration of solute.
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What is the hypotonic solution?
A solution with the lower concentration of solute.
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What is an isotonic solution?
Solutions that have the same concentration.
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What are some characteristics of a semi permeable membrane?
Lets some materials cross, but not others
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What is endocytosis?
A process where the cell envelopes the molecule in a phospholipid bilayer, forming a vesicle that can bring the molecule into the cell.
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What is exocytosis?
A process where the cell removes large molecules in vesicles from its interior that cannot pass through the membrane by passive transport.
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What is active transport?
The movement of material across a cell membrane requiring energy in the form of ATP.
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What is a medical example of diffusion?
The net movement of glucose down the concentration gradient.
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What is a medical example of an active transport?
the transportation of sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell by the sodium-potassium pump.
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How does endocytosis start?
When the cell envelops (hugs in) the molecule in a phospholipid bilayer.
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What does a solution include?
A solute and a solvent.
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What is a solute?
The substance being dissolved
Ex. Salt
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What is a solvent?
The substance being dissolved in.
Ex. Water
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What is a concentration gradient?
The difference in the concentration of a substance between two areas.
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What is a passive transport?
The natural movement of material across a cell membrane without using energy from the cell.
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What are the three types of passive transport?
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
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What is facilitated diffusion?
The process of transport proteins in the cell membrane being used to help materials that are too big to enter and leave the cell.
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What are the three types of active transport?
Protein pumps
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
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What are the two main types of dialysis?
Hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
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What are protein pumps?
Act as a pump to move material across the cell membrane in the opposite direction.
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What are liposomes?
A sphere of phospholipid bilayer containing the medication.
When the phospholipid bilayer touches the exterior of the cell, it is absorbed and the medication enters. This happens because the protein transmitters only detect the outside of the liposome, which is the phospholipid bilayer.
Similar to endocytosis.
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What is reverse osmosis?
a water purification process that uses a semipermeable membrane to separate ions, unwanted molecules and larger particles from drinking water.
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What are transport proteins?
They allow passage through the cell membrane for materials that are not able to diffuse directly across.
Because of size, electrical charge, etc.
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What are receptor proteins?
Used to identify molecules during endocytosis.
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What are channel proteins?
Pores in the membrane filled with water that can open to allow charged ions to cross the membrane.
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What are carrier proteins?
Allow one particular type of molecule to enter and leave the cell by recognizing its shape.
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What is cytolysis?
When a cell is placed into an extreme hypotonic solution and water rushes into the cell to equalize the concentration of solute, resulting in the cell bursting because of the intake of too much water.
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