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define radiobiology
study of how radiation interacts with cells and tissues linked to radiobiology.
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state two types of ionising radiation and how do they damage tissue
x rays and gamma rays- remove electrons from atom and gives them role of being able to damage tissues.
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explain how ionising radiation can affect tissues on atomic level
process of ionisation (removal of an electron) causing break in bonds in molecules, break in bonds= biological effects!!
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define what is a direct effect and a indirect effect
- direct effect- caused by photon direct hit to cell structures e.g. chromosomes and organelles are made for cell function,
- indirect effect- caused by ionisation of water as cells are mostly composed of 80% water in the body.
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give one direct effect and one indirect effect and what do they cause
direct effect- cell death (apoptosis), indirect effect- free OH radicals that can risk combing to form hydrogen peroxide (long life, oxidiser causing further damage to cell).
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give three dangers of hydrogen peroxide
toxic to cells, cause cell death, linked to bleaching hair but some say can cause damage to hair follicles.
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define 'chromosomes'
control development and growth of the cell
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list some of the things seen in the DNA structure
phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, hydrogen bond, 2 strands forming a double helix structure
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