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how is electromagnetic radiation produced (EMR)
changes in electrical fields, magnetic fields of atoms
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give ways on how EMR can be produced
deacceleration (sudden) of electrons, transmission of electrons between shells, interaction of electrons within the nucleus of an atom, radioactive decay.
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give the two forms EMR can be split into
- waves - transverse wave, magnetic field 90 degree to each other and direction of travel,
- particles - made from stream of discrete packets of energy (photons) that carry their own energy/no mass/ can't be split into smaller pieces.
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define these features of a wave: wavelength, amplitude, intensity
wavelength- distance between two peaks or troughs, amplitude- maximum value of peak or trough, intensity- rate of energy flow per unit area.
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define frequency
number of complete cycles passing a point per unit.
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give the equation linking speed of light, frequency and wavelength
speed of light = frequency x wavelength
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describe what is meant by the principle of duality
means for EMR waves and particles have to be related. these two natures are linked via Planck's Law.
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give Planck's Law
photon energy = (6.62 x 10 to the power -34 Joules- Planck's constant) x c (speed of light- 3 x 10 to the power of 8 m/secs)/ wavelength
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following Planck's law this can be turned into another law which is?, also give the equation
Duane Hunt law, wavelength minimum= 1.24nm/KVp
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define what is a electromagnetic spectrum
range created spectrum of energies and wavelengths
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give the types of EMR produced during radiography
x rays, ultra-violet, infra-red, visible light
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