cell vocab.txt

the maintainence of a stable internal environment

a point in which if breached activates homeostasis

reverses a change that takes a system back toward a set point

reinforces a change carrying it further away from its set point

all of the other cells in the human body

sperm (males) or oocytes (females); cells that are responsible for human reproduction

fluid that is located inside the cell

fluid that surrounds the cell

the fluid in most cells that are extracellular

the outer boundary of a cell; separates the cell from the external environment

another name for plasma membrane; consists of two layers of phospholipid molecules

part of the membrane that cannot be removed

bound to the surface of the membrane and is easily removed

catalyzes reactions inside or outside of the cell

proteins in the membrane that are sensitive to ligands (An ion, a molecule, or a molecular group that binds to another chemical entity to form a larger complex)

(aka anchoring proteins) attaches the membrane to other structures to stablize the cell

distinguishes unique cells from anyone else

binds solutes and transports them across the plasma membrane

allows specific ions to move through a water-filled pore

carbohydrates that extend away from all surfaces

the cell's skeleton; responsible for maintaining the structural integrity of the cell

smallest unit of the cytoskeleton; help in cell movement and support

strong units that resist mechanical stress; stablize organelles in cell

long and hollow; provide strength and rigidity; assist in chromosome movement

appear only in muscle cells; assist with musclular contractions

extensions of the plasma membrane; moves fluids across the cell surface

projections that increase cell surface area in the extracellular environment

cylindrical structures; organize the cytoskeleton and direct chromosome movement

organelle responsible for protein synthesis

ribosomes that are freely scattered across a cell

ribosomes that are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

responsible for synthesizing new proteins, chemical modification and export to the Golgi Apparatus; has ribosomes attached to it

responsible for the synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates; does not have ribosomes attached to it

modifies, packagse, and ships new proteins to their destinations within or outside of the cell

contains secretions that will be discharged from the cell

responsible for the breakdown of substances that may be harmful to the cell

responsible for energy production

membrane layer that increase surface area inside of mitochondria

control center for cellular operations; stores cell information

the medium for communication between chemicals and the nucleus

transient nuclear organelles that synthesize ribosomal RNA

uncoiled loose form of DNA when cell isn't dividing (interphase)

form of DNA that is tightly packed during cell division

proteins that partially make up the nucleolus