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what is energy?
ability to do work
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state the difference between an element, compound and mixture
- element: chemical that is not broken down into simpler forms like oxygen.
- compound: substance formed when two or more elements are chemically linked together like water.
- mixture: mixture of elements within the substance that are not chemically linked together like carbon dioxide.
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what's an atom?
smallest part of an atom
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what's a nucleon
proton and neutrons known collectively
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what model do we follow for atomic structure today?
Bohr model
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what is contained within the nucleus of an atom?
protons and neutrons
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state the charges protons, neutrons and electrons carry?
protons= +1, neutrons= 0, electrons= -1
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state the mass for protons, neutrons and electrons?
protons= 1AMU, neutrons= 1AMU and electrons= 1/1850th AMU
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describe the interactions taking place between two objects
like forces repel, opposite forces attract
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how are forces of repulsion overcome?
short range of nucleon attraction, short range of attraction between the particles together.
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define nuclide
name for an atom
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define radionuclide
radioactive atom
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define proton number (atomic number)
number of protons in the nucleus, given with symbol 'Z'.
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define nucleon number (mass number)
number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in nucleus given with symbol 'A'.
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define neutron number
nucleon number- proton number, given with the symbol 'N'.
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state what is an isotope
element with the same proton number but different nucleon number.
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where is the valence shell located on an atom?
outermost shell of an atom
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give the letters for shell configurations
K,L,M,N
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describe the quantum number
given with the symbol 'n', used to calculate maximum number of electrons for each shell (K holds 2, L holds 2, M holds 3 etc)
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describe what is meant by binding energy
the same amount of energy required to remove an electron from the specific shell of an atom.
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define ionisation
removal of an electron from an atom
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state what is an ion
atom/molecule that has a positive/negative charge due to a deficit (loss) of electrons
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