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cerebral cortex
- a sheet of neural tissue that is outermost to the cerebrum of the mammalian brain.
- It plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness.
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corpus callosum
- is a wide, flat bundle of neural fibers beneath the cortex
- in the eutherian brain at the
- longitudinal fissure. It connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitates
- interhemispheric communication. It is the largest white
- matter structure in the brain
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Thalamus
- It is situated between the cerebral cortex and midbrain, both
- in terms of location and neurological connections. Its function includes
- relaying sensation, spatial sense and motor signals to the cerebral cortex,
- along with the regulation of consciousness, sleep and alertness.
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pons
- a structure located on the brain stem.
- It is superior to (up from) the medulla
- oblongata, inferior
- to (down from) the midbrain, and ventral to (in front of) the cerebellum.
- . Its white matter includes tracts that conduct signals from
- the cerebrum
- down to the cerebellum and medulla, and tracts that carry the sensory signals
- up into the thalamus.
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medulla
- refers to the middle of something and derives from the Latin word for marrow. Its anatomical uses include:
- Medulla oblongata, a part of the brain stem
- Renal medulla, a part of the kidney
- Adrenal medulla, a part of the adrenal gland
- Medulla ossea, the marrow inside a bone
- Medulla spinalis, an alternative name for the spinal cord
- Medulla of ovary
- Medulla of thymus
- Medulla of lymph nod
- eMedulla (hair)
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cerebellum
- is a region of the brain that plays an important role in motor control. It is also involved in some cognitive functions such as attention and language, and probably in some emotional functions such as regulating fear and pleasure responses,
- but it is its function in movement that is most clearly understood. The
- cerebellum does not initiate movement, but it contributes to coordination, precision, and accurate timing. It receives input from sensory systems and from other parts of the brain and spinal cord, and integrates these inputs to fine tune motor activity.
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spinal cord
- a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the brain (the medulla specifically). The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system. The spinal cord functions primarily in the transmission of neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body but also contains neural circuits that can independently control numerous reflexes and central pattern generators. The spinal cord has three major functions:
- A. Serve as a conduit for motor information, which travels down the spinal cord.
- B. Serve as a conduit for sensory information, which travels up the spinal cord.
- C. Serve as a center for coordinating certain reflexes.
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