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What elements do proteins contain?
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- (May also have sulphur)
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Where are proteins found in?
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What is the structure of proteins?
- Made of long chains of amino acids.
- There are 20 common and several rare amino acids found in proteins.
- Peptide bonds join amino acids together which forms polypeptide chains.
- The function of proteins depends on the amino acid sequence and the way they are folded.
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What joins amino acids together in long chains?
Peptide bonds join amino acids together to form polypeptide chains.
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What is a polypeptide chain?
Amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.
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What does the function of a protein depend on?
The function of a protein depends on the amino acids sequence and the way they are folded.
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What is denaturation?
The reversible disruption of the 3-D shape of the protein. May be caused by heat, whipping, acids etc. If the protein happens to be an enzyme then the enzyme will lose its activity.
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What may cause denaturation?
By heat, whipping, acids etc.
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What causes an enzyme to lose its activity?
If the protein happens to be an enzyme then the enzyme will lose its activity by denaturation.
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What are 3 structural roles of proteins?
- Keratin: found in skin, hair and nails
- Myosin: protein in muscle
- Collagen: main component in connective tissue, tendons, ligaments and bone.
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What are the metabolic roles of proteins?
- Enzymes: are proteins and control chemical reactions in cells. eg. respiration, photosynthesis
- Hormones: regulate body functions eg. insulin controls amount of glucose in the blood.
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Enzymes are what?
Enzymes are proteins.
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What elements do lipids contain?
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What are lipids found in?
Lipids are found in fat meat, dairy produce, vegetable oils.
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What is the oxygen molecule difference between lipids and carbohydrates?
Lipids have less oxygen molecules than carbohydrates.
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At room temperature, fats are in what form?
Fats are solid at room temperature.
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At room temperature, oils are in what form?
Oils are liquid at room temperature.
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What is meant by hygroscopic?
Insoluble in water.
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What are lipids made up of?
Lipids are made up of a Glycerol and 3 Fatty Acids.
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What is the most common type of lipid?
Triglyceride is the most common type of lipid.
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What’s the difference between triglycerides and phospholipids?
Phospholipids are the same structure of fats as triglycerides but one of the fatty acid groups joined to the glycerol is replaced by a phosphate group.
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What are the structural role of lipids?
- Heat insulation: eg. under skin.
- Protection: of organs around the body eg. heart, kidneys.
- Cell membranes: phospholipids and lipoproteins are major components in cell membranes
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What is the metabolic role of lipids?
Release energy in respiration.
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