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What are platelets?
Tiny fragments of larger cells that have no nucleus and help blood clotting.
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Do platelets have a nucleus?
Nope.
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Where are platelets formed?
Platelets are formed in the red bone marrow.
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What do platelets help do?
Platelets help clot blood when the skin is cut and internally, when blood vessels are damaged.
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What are the 3 functions of blood?
- 1. Transport
- 2. Defence
- 3. Homeostasis
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Name the 4 substances blood transports?
- 1. Gases
- 2. Nutrients
- 3. Wastes
- 4. Hormones
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Name examples of each substance transported by blood?
- Gases = Eg. oxygen, carbon dioxide.
- Nutrients = Eg. vitamins, glucose, amino acids
- Wastes = Eg. urea, uric acid.
- Hormones = Eg. insulin, testosterone.
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What are the 2 compositions of blood that have the function of defence?
- White blood cells (produce antibodies)
- Platelets (help blood clotting)
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How do platelets and white blood cells perform their role of defence?
Platelets help clot blood when skin is cut and internally, when blood vessels are damaged.
White blood cells produce proteins called antibodies in response to ‘foreign’ viruses and bacteria.
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What are 3 ways blood/blood system perform homeostasis?
- 1. Blood system maintains body temperature at 37*C.
- 2. Maintains body tissues at pH 7.
- 3. Maintains tissue fluid at correct volume and composition.
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Body temperature is maintained at what *C?
At 37*C.
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Body tissues are maintained at what pH?
At pH 7.
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What does blood maintain at the correct volume and composition?
Tissue fluid is maintained at the correct volume and composition.
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How many groups is blood classified into?
4 blood groups
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What are the 4 different blood groups?
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What type of antigens do each blood group have?
- A has A antigens
- B has B antigens
- AB has A antigens and B antigens
- O has no antigens.
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What is the most common blood type and it’s percentage of population?
Most common type blood type is O+ : 47%
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What is the rarest blood type and it’s percentage of population?
Rarest blood type is AB- : >1%
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Is Rh+ or Rh- more common?
85% is Rh+ (more common).
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What does Rh stand for/mean?
Rh : Rhesus
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Which blood type is an universal donor?
Blood type O.
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Which blood type is an universal recipient?
Blood group AB (no antibodies).
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Why is blood group AB an universal recipient?
Blood group AB has no antibodies.
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What does the Rhesus system involve?
Another blood grouping system involving the number of antigens. - Factor D.
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What is present in Rh+ but not in Rh-?
Rh+ means factor D is present.
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What happens when someone with Rh- is given Rh+?
If a person with Rh- is given Rh+, it causes clotting.
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Give summary of platelets? (Incl. 5 points)
- Tiny fragments of larger cells
- Made in bone marrow
- Have no nucleus
- Formed in the red bone marrow
- Help blood clot when skin is cut and internally when blood vessels are damaged.
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