MICROBIOLOGY CHAPTER 19

77) All of the following are true of hypersensitivity EXCEPT
A) it occurs in the presence of an antigen.
B) it occurs when an individual is exposed to an allergen for the first time.
C) it is synonymous with "allergy."
D) it requires previous exposure to an antigen.
E) it is due to an altered immune response.

78) The chemical mediators of anaphylaxis are
A) antigens.
B) antigen-antibody complexes.
C) found in basophils and mast cells.
D) the proteins of the complement system.
E) antibodies.

79) Which of the following may result from systemic anaphylaxis?
A) asthma
B) hives
C) hay fever
D) immunodeficiency
E) shock

80) Which antibodies will be in the serum of a person with blood type B, Rh+?
A) anti-A, anti-Rh
B) anti-A
C) anti-A, anti-B, anti-Rh
D) anti-B, anti-Rh
E) anti-B

81) Which of the following types of transplant is least compatible?
A) xenotransplant
B) allograft
C) isograft
D) All of these types of transplant are equally compatible.
E) autograft

82) When testing donated blood for compatibility you would find a person with O type blood
A) lacks HLA and MHC antigens.
B) has O type antigens on their red blood cells.
C) will lack plasma antibodies to A and B type antigens.
D) will lack A and B red blood cell antigens.
E) will have anti-O antibodies in their plasma.

83) Graft-versus-host disease will most likely be a complication of a(n)
A) corneal transplant.
B) blood transfusion.
C) skin graft.
D) bone marrow transplant.
E) Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus.

84) A positive tuberculin skin test is an example of
A) acute contact dermatitis.
B) autoimmunity.
C) psoriasis.
D) delayed cell-mediated immunity.
E) innate immunity.

A healthy immune system destroys cancer cells with
A) CTLs and activated macrophages.
B) CTLs.
C) CD+ T cells.
D) tumor-specific antigens.
E) activated macrophages.

Rheumatoid arthritis is due to deposition of
A) IgA antibodies in joints.
B) complement in joints.
C) IgD and IgE complexes in joints.
D) complexes of IgM and IgG and also complement in joints.
E) IgG and IgA complexes in joints.

87) Allergic contact dermatitis is due to
A) sensitized T cells.
B) IgM antibodies.
C) IgE antibodies.
D) IgG antibodies.
E) activated macrophages.

88) Attachment of HIV to the target cell depends on
A) gp120 combining with the chemokine receptor CCR5.
B) gp41 binding to the CD4+ receptor.
C) gp120 combining with the CD4+ receptor.
D) gp120 binding to the CD4+ plasma membrane.
E) CXCR4 binding to the CD4+ receptor.

89) All of the following pertain to serological tests EXCEPT
A) they are used to detect compatible tissues for transplantation
B) they can detect antibodies but not antigens.
C) they are used to test for specific HLAs on lymphocytes.
D) reactions can be detected by uptake of trypan blue by damaged cells.
E) they can be used to diagnose various diseases.

90) The process of desensitization to prevent allergies involves the injection of increasing amounts of
A) IgG.
B) RhoGAM.
C) IgE.
D) antigen.
E) antihistamine.

Which blood transfusions in Table 19.1 are incompatible?
A) 1 and 2
B) 3 and 4
C) 1, 2, and 3
D) 2 and 5
E) 2, 3, and 5

92) Hemolytic disease of the newborn can result from an
A) Rh- mother with an Rh+ fetus.
B) Rh+ mother with an Rh- fetus.
C) AB mother with a B fetus.
D) AB mother with an O fetus.
E) Rh- mother and an A fetus.

93) Which is true regarding Herceptin therapy?
A) It acts as an immunotoxin to target and kill cancer cells.
B) It is a vaccine to prevent the development of cancer.
C) It neutralizes the growth factor EGF.
D) It is an endotoxin that stimulates TNF by macrophages.
E) It is used to treat some breast cancer patients.

94) Which of the following utilizes a combination of monoclonal antitumor antibody and immunotoxin?
A) immune complex
B) immunologic surveillance
C) immunosuppression
D) immunotherapy
E) immunologic enhancement

95) All of the following are reasons why an HIV vaccine has not been developed EXCEPT
A) use of a weakened virus would potentially transmit the infection.
B) there is no known animal model of natural immunity for HIV infection.
C) small, inexpensive animals which could be used for HIV vaccine research are not available.
D) HIV has a high mutation rate so one vaccination would not be effective to treat the world-wide pandemic.
E) vaccines are not effective against viral infections.

96) Treatment with certain drugs to reduce transplant rejection can cause
A) immunologic surveillance.
B) autoimmunity.
C) immunosuppression.
D) immunotherapy.
E) immunologic enhancement.

97) In immune complex reaction shown in Figure 19.1, what is the small, circular/spherical structure labeled "a"?
A) complement
B) neutrophil
C) antibody
D) antigen
E) mast cell

98) In the immune complex reaction shown in Figure 19.1, what is the end result of the reaction?
A) Endothelial cells are damaged.
B) Complement is activated.
C) IgG is directed against cell membrane antigens.
D) Neutrophils are attracted and release enzymes.
E) Antibodies destroy neutrophils.

99) Worldwide, the primary method of transmission of HIV is
A) homosexual intercourse.
B) heterosexual intercourse.
C) nosocomial.
D) blood transfusions.
E) intravenous drug use.

100) HIV spikes attach to CD4+ receptors found on
A) T helper cells.
B) T helper cells and macrophages.
C) dendritic cells.
D) macrophages.
E) T helper cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.

101) Which of the following is the least likely vaccine against HIV?
A) glycoprotein
B) attenuated virus
C) subunit
D) protein core
E) All of these vaccines are equally likely.

102) Which of the following is a possible outcome of an HIV infection?
A) Infection may initially be asymptomatic.
B) Virions may remain latent.
C) There may be persistent yeast infections.
D) The disease does not progress to AIDS.
E) All of the answers are correct.

103) Anaphylaxis is the term for reactions caused when certain antigens combine with
A) macrophages.
B) IgE antibodies.
C) histamine.
D) IgG antibodies.
E) complement.

104) All of the following are considered examples of type I hypersensitivity EXCEPT
A) penicillin allergic reactions.
B) transplant rejections.
C) asthma.
D) pollen allergies.
E) dust allergies.

105) In rheumatoid arthritis, IgM, IgG, and complement deposit in joints. This is an example of
A) immunosuppression.
B) acquired immunodeficiency.
C) immune complex autoimmunity.
D) cell-mediated autoimmunity.
E) cytotoxic autoimmunity.