Effective Police Supervision Chap 1-4

In a law enforcement organization, the first-line supervisor is the crucial managerial point where ____ is transmitted into ____.

The position of first-line supervisor must evolve into a position where decisions are made in the best interests of the organization and community members through WHAT?

What is the common denominator present in police departments that do extremely well?

Human resources are at a premium in every part of a police organization and that task of a supervisor is to assist employees to become WHAT?

Law enforcement in recent years has utilized what two concepts and processes in its efforts to improve the quality of life in communities and facilitate crime reduction?

Police policies should focus on WHAT and ensure that the use of force is used only to protect the officer and the public.

A Bureau of Justice report indicated that WHAT percentage of those who were threatened with force by police believed it was excessive?

Violence is a fundamental component of our culture.  WHAT can be a by-product of enforcement activities and should be anticipated and not allowed to spread like a virus?

WHAT must be the standard that governs every public contact?

If there is any issue that causes a new supervisor a great deal of difficulty, it usually is WHAT?

Officers hace personal needs and objectives that they supervisor should help to fulfill while simultaneously doing what?

“Good supervision is the result of the serious application of one’s knowledge about human behavior to WHAT?”

“While not a new concept, police managers are just starting to realize that WHAT is a viable concept and must be incorporated into the law enforcement lexicon.”

“Accountability becomes a viable concept when performance expectations are WHAT?.”

The term responsibility comes into play when considering the term accountability, and for the most part, some view these terms as synonymous. In contrast, others make a distinction between the two terms and suggest WHAT?

WHAT refers to the obligation a person, a group, or an organization assumes for the execution of authority and/or fulfillment of responsibility?

A persons obligation of accountability includes several features.  What are they?

The certainty of accountability is such that while individual and organizational inputs and outputs matter, the important thing that can address success is WHAT?

WHAT is mandated and, in fact, considered the “mainstay” of the (accountability) process?

Deficient reporting is detrimental to accountability unless it is coupled with WHAT?

What are the 5 levels of accountability?

This level of accountability is the "foundation" of the pyramid and involves a wide range of variables (traits) such as trustworthiness, honor, principled conduct, scruples and reliability. Fulfillment of these traits calls for a great deal of introspection.

This level of accountability occurs within a working configuration and can be labeled as a task force, team, group, or other organizational entity. This level is about relationships - it is a joint effort where everyone works together and strives for the highest possible achievement.  In actuality, it is a reciprocal responsibility as each is accountable to the other.

In police departments, teams, groups, or task forces obtain results because officers work under supervisors who function as a cohesive unit. Shared responsibility brings everything together, and accountability becomes a certainty. Definite ownership comes into existence as a result of agreed-upon measured performance. What level of Accountability is this?

Which level of accountability is both an internal and external relationship.

This level of accountability is at the highest part of the pyramid.  It includes the political supervisory body and the public followed by those internally.  None can be left out whether they are unions, activists, interest groups, assemblages, the legal system, other agencies, sworn officers...

What level of accountability is signified by a manager/supervisor (vested authority) and a delegate (officer or civilian) functioning in a genuine working association?  In this, it is a reciprocal responsibility, and each is accountable to the other.  No blaming.

____ does not just happen as a result of a spur-of-the-moment event; it is the result of encouraging and creating a positive environment within a working accountability framework. It also has to be embraced as an integral element of each individual, group, team, task force, and all other agency entities.”

What is the single most important element of the accountability environment?  It impacts every level of the organization.

____ enables an environment that is clearly “two-way.” It has been suggested that this process comes into existence when an assigned authority (individual or group) delegates responsibility and a “quid pro quo” relationship results.”

What is the "cornerstone" of the Accountability process?

What is the bonding agent of the accountability process?  With this "bonding agent", transparency is apparent to all of those involved.  This "bonding agent" is mandatory if there is to be an accountability environment.

When individuals and groups feel a sense of ____, they can relate to “outcomes” and fulfill their responsibilities, thus becoming positive performers. As pointed out by one researcher, this increases responsible behavior and a concerned attitude.”

Accountability comes with liability that has WHAT, that can be either sanctions or rewards?  THIS also will enhance execution, fulfill responsibilities, and improve performance.

Supervisors should emphasize on the development of WHAT, rather than try to do everything themselves.

As a means of maximizing effectiveness, a supervisor must work to DO WHAT through the efforts of others.

The acronym Hu-TACK stands for what?

What skills are vitally important at ALL managerial levels?

Coaching, Communicating, Counseling, Mentoring, Delegating, Integrating, Leading, and Resolving Conflict are all part of what Skill Area (Hu-TACK)

Capabilities, Control, Expertise, Procedures, Task Orientation, Techniques are all part of what Skill Area (HuTACK)?

Attitudes, Empathy, Equality, Fairness, Integrity, Interrelations, Values are all part of what Skill Area (HuTACK)?

Analysis, Assessment, Decision-making, Identification of objectives, Prioritizing problems, Solving problems, Interpreting, and Loyalty are all part of what Skill Area? (HuTACK)

Critical Review Reports; Directing; Evaluating; Organizing Work; Scheduling Training; Provides Administrative Credibility; Policy Implementation are all part of what Skill Area? (HuTACK)

What skill areas (HuTACK) need to be employed when the time comes for a supervisor to apply tactical skills in an operational situation?

Which set of managerial characteristics is emotion-based? (HuTACK)

Which skills (HuTACK) consume the LEAST amount of the first line supervisor's time?

Assess Performance; Conceptualizes the technical and human aspects of the work environment; Demonstrates the ability to analyze data; Develops/shares informations; Enhances/Improves efficiency; Identify emerging problems and works toward resolution; IDs objectives; makes decisions; Works to eliminate error.  All part of what HuTACK skill?

Accept responsibility; create environment of equity; deals fairly with workers; develops relationships; demonstrates loyalty; demonstrates integrity; knows personal strengths as well as weaknesses; is a role model; values employee potential.  This is all part of what HuTACK skill set?

"Demonstrates a real interest in seeing that officers do a good job and complete their assignments" is part of WHAT HuTACK skill?

Fairly implements departmental policies, rules and regs AND interpreting policy are both examples of WHAT HuTACK skill set?

Knows each officers workload, Organizes work so as to effectively and efficiently achieve objectives/goals; and Providing officers with admin and technical support are all part of what HuTACK skillset?

Reviewing reports, scheduling officers according to department need, and training/developing officers is all part of what HuTACK skill set?

The way employees are treated by their supervisor is strongly influenced by WHAT?

No supervisory philosophy works all the time. It is important to use a flexible approach. Accomplished supervisors combine different approaches. This is what has become known as WHAT?

Managerial networking at the supervisory level is concerned with WHAT?

“Individuals who think positively are WHAT? —a characteristic that management is actively seeking.

WHAT is the cornerstone of character. It is an indispensable characteristic of a positive working relationship between differing levels of management.

The primary reason for the existence of the supervisory position is the need for work to be WHAT?.

It can be assumed that WHAT % of employees will respond to positive efforts by the supervisor. This is the group with which the supervisor should expend extra time and energy.

When first-line supervisors were asked to identify the most important functions they performed, it was found that the vast majority had to do with WHAT?

TRUE OR FALSE - A certain amount of griping can actually prove to be beneficial.
True False

What are key elements of the generic definition of Community Policing?

What is the essential ingredient of community policing?

WHAT allows personnel to arrive at decisions based on delegated power and authority. This is also a deliberate decision taken by police executives to create an organizational change that will allow officers to operate within a frame of reference that enables self-direction.

WHAT is the sum and substance of leadership in an empowered organization.

The necessity to DO WHAT becomes a reality when police departments are confronted with implementation of a community-policing program?

A supervisor must personify WHAT 6 attributes if Community Policing is to succeed?  (What are the "4C'sFMR?)

Chapter 2
What occurs when first line supervisors decipher mgmt's intentions and translate them into reality?

Chapter 2 Community Policing

A first-line supervisor is a manager, and operationally it is essential that the focus be shifted from the traditional role of being in charge to the role of WHAT?

The vital responsibility of building partnerships within the department has several dimensions.  What are they?

In regards to community policing, this relationship is of special importance.

Chap 2
What is the basic doctrine of community policing?

Chap 2
Concerning community policing, what are the two reasons for focusing partnerships with those who are organized (business groups, HOAs, advocacy groups, groups, etc)?

Chap 2
WHAT shifts police efforts from a reactive to a proactive response to crime wherein officers work with residents to prevent crime ?

Problem-Oriented Policing/Community-Oriented Policing is a proactive philosophy that promotes the concept that incidents consuming patrol and investigative time can best be dealt with more effectively when consideration is given to WHAT?

Chap 2
The SARA model is one approach to problem-solving and many police agencies have found it a useful research device.  What does SARA stand for?

Chap 2
WHAT can be thought of as two or more incidents similar in one or more ways that are of concern to the police and a problem for the community.

Chap 2
What is a "nucleus group" in problem solving?

Chap 2
What information do Crime Prevention Surveys provide?

Chap 2
Follow-up crime surveys can do what?

Chap 2
What can v surveys be used for?

Chap 2
A useful framework for developing analysis questions that may reveal the nature of the problem is the crime triangle, which demonstrates the relationship among three elements of a crime.  What are the elements?

Chap 3
What is the foundation of interpersonal relations?

Chap 2
Interpersonal communication exists at every level of any organization, but it is most prevalent at WHAT level, where, of necessity, there is continual interaction between supervisors and line personnel.

When there is good communication, it is a result of WHAT?

What % of time do first-line supervisors spend communicating with the following?
Subordinates, Superiors, Citizens, Other supervisors?

Chap 3
In communication, the sender of a message determines the relevancy of each message.  This is generally known as WHAT?  The sender determines the importance of information and exercises complete control over the flow of information.

Chap 3
In communication, who determines the accuracy of the communication through "decoding"?

Chap 3
In communication, the "context" of a message may be more meaningful than the "content."  TRUE or FALSE
True False

Chap 3
What are the 6 aspects of the communication process that are involved in EVERY message?

CHAP 3
What is the last feature of the communication process and is defined as "anything that reduces the accuracy of a communication?"

Chap 3
The realistic supervisor works with subordinates in an effort to develop them to the point where they can become committed and motivated to such an extent that they are WHAT?

Chap 3
What is the most important managerial tool?

Chap 3
WHAT is defined as the exchange of information between individuals, implying that it can be either one-way or two-way?

Chap 3
____  communication occurs when the recipient provides feedback to the sender.

Chap 3
Cite the 4 examples of when One Way communication is preferable:

Chap 3
What is the drawback of two-way communication?

Chap 3
Why does two-way communication require less planning than one-way communication?

Chap 3
The success of two-way communication depends on WHAT, which its an integral part of the communication process?

Chap 3
What are the 5 advantages of two-way communication?

Chap 3
Barriers to communication are numerous but they generally include what 6 things?

chap 3
What are examples of physical barriers to communication?

Chap 3
What are examples of Psychological barriers in communication?

Chap 3
Another obstruction to effective communication is semantics.  What does this mean?

Chap 3
Another semantics problem with communication is when a supervisor uses jargon or esoteric language known as WHAT?

What are the Barriers that Impede Effective Communication? (C2F3PS)

Chap 3
What are the 8 Techniques for Overcoming Communication Barriers?

Chap 3
What is the only way a supervisor can obtain sound feedback?

Chap 3
If a supportive relationship is also to be a viable and positive working relationship, what must the subordinate be allowed to do?

Chap 3
What is the foundation for real two-way communication?

Chap 3
Subordinate involvement is a real working relationship in which true commitment requires what?

Chap 3
Effective leadership involves viewing personnel in what?

Chap 3
Employees have a right to know where supervisors are coming from. A supervisor will be judged by the nature and quality of what?

Chap 3
What can a supervisor do to improve worker performance and reduce boredom?

Chap 3
These two qualities are prerequisites to any working relationship and must come before there can be candid and open communication.

Chap 3
A good supervisor’s actions let every officer know that he or she is being treated fairly and equitably. Every action taken must convey WHAT to subordinates?

Chap 3
If there is but one supervisory principle a sergeant should follow, it is what?

Chap 3
Feedback is essential whether praise, or telling an employee what they have done wrong. When a message is delivered, it should be in such a way that it is not perceived as negative.  When time allows, it is up to the supervisor to analyze the message.  This can be done by asking what question?

Chap 3
Feedback should be WHAT 4 things?

Chap 3
The ultimate goal of feedback is what?

Chap 3
Good supervisors practice what skill that is very difficult to learn?

Chap 3
If there is one pet peeve in interpersonal relationships it is what?

Chap 3
Research suggests that most people listen at an efficiency level of approximately what %?

Chap 3
The average person speaks 2 to 3 words a second or 120 to 180 words a minute.  However, most listeners can process up to how many words per minute?

Chap 3
Listening is an active process that requires which 2 intellectual capacities?

Chap 3
A good listener makes a sincere effort to understand the message.  It may involve what 4 actions?

Chap 3
The first tenet of the art of listening is to do what?

Chap 3
Listening is as much a persuasive art as speaking, but it must be developed. A successful listener should strive to keep an open mind and be fully cognizant of what?

Chap 3
A good supervisor does not allow personal feelings to prevent communication, but addresses the situation HOW so that the officer's ideas can be heard and understood?

Chap 3
What 3 techniques may be used to improve listening effectiveness?

Chap 3
What 7 techniques help a listener adjust to the sender's message?

Chap 3
What 4 techniques help a listener "attempt to listen unemotionally?"

Chap 3
What 5 techniques help a listener "give undivided attention to the speaker?"

Chap 3
In terms of impact, there are three components of a message that contribute to the communication process.  What are they?

Chap 3
___ is the study of nonverbal communication and concerns itself with understanding nonverbal signals

Chap 3
An individual sends messages not only through language and words but also by tone of voice, pitch, and inflection. This form of communication is called WHAT?

Chap 3
The face is the primary communicator of emotions. One expert believes that there are how many different facial expressions.

Chap 3
What are the involuntary movement of a part of the body to explain, emphasize or reinforce the verbal component of a message?

Chap 3
Gestures are an important part of what has been called WHAT?

Chap 3
What is the executive order that requires that the federal govt and grant recipients take reasonable steps to ensure that people with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) have meaningful access to the programs, services, and information provided?

Chap 3
What are the two most common sign languages used?

Chap 4
What are the "why" of human behavior?"

Chap 4
Current research would suggest that we are aware of four qualities of motivation that give a supervisor a frame of reference for making officers more effective and productive.  What are the 4?

Chap 4
Variability is one of the 4 qualities of motivation.  It is apparent that motives are changeable and have limited stability.  What has a serious impact on motives?

Chap 4
“Our intricacy demands that a systematic procedure be followed in attempting to understand the internal and external factors that motivate individuals to act the way they do. In general, behavior will follow a pattern showing that:

Chap 4
Explain the 3 phases of the Motivation Cycle. (Fig4.1)

Chap 4
The combination of WHAT determines what motivates an officer to act in a certain situation.

Chap 4
It is a supervisor’s responsibility to develop officers’ needs and, when appropriate, make organizational needs overcome personal needs.  Effort must be directed toward attaining organizational goals through WHAT?

Chap 4
The police supervisor who ignores WHAT will seldom be successful?

Chap 4
The police supervisor who ignores the ecology of the organization will seldom be successful. A motivated employee is the product of WHAT?

Chap 4
There are two types of "feelings" that come into play when one considers work.  What are they?

Chap 4
What are 5 phrases that describe a good workplace? (Fig 4.2)

Chap 4
According to the findings of this book, what is the defining characteristic of the very best workplaces?

Chap 4
What is one word that seems to be overworked in the management lexicon>

Chap 4
Motives for each member of the department are highly individualistic. Every person has their own motivational hierarchy based on what 3 things?

Chap 4

What is described as "a mental process that produces an attitude resulting in an action leading to a result."

Chap 4
In order to become an excellent supervisor, a person must develop a plan that identifies obligations to whom?

chap 4
The bottom line (concerning motivation) is that everybody works with greater intensity when...?

Chap 4
A key to lasting motivation is to avoid what approach to motivation?

Chap 4
There are many motivational theories and all should be considered.  What type of approach is the best path to take?

Chap 4
What is probably the most widespread motivational theory and who developed it?

Chap 4
Maslow created a theory of motivation in which he identified five basic need categories.  What are they?

Chap 4
According to Maslow, the strongest and most fundamental needs are physiological needs.  These life-sustaining needs include what?

Chap 4
Concerning Maslow, the dominate security needs are primarily what?

Chap 4
With security as a dominant need, officers will want stability and predictability above all else.  The managerial response should stress rules and regulations above all else.  Emphasis should be placed on what?

Chap 4
Maslow described two categories of esteem needs.  What are they?

Chap 4
Maslow pointed out that growth needs are interrelated, and when defining one value, it is necessary to do what?

Chap 4
Who developed the Motivation-Hygiene Theory?

Chap 4
In the Herzberg study, workers who were found to be happiest with their jobs identified which three factors?

Chap 4
According to Herzberg, why are motivational factors are readily identifiable?

Chap 4
A unique characteristic of Herzberg's theory is that motivators can result in a positive feeling toward work, while at the same time, what may occur?

Chap 4
According to Herzberg's work related to feelings of unhappiness was that they were found to be totally unrelated to the actual accomplishment of work.  What were these factors called?

Chap 4
While both motivators and hygiene factors meet employee needs, which primarily results in job satisfaction?

Chap 4
Herzberg viewed satisfiers and dissatisfiers as separate and distinct entities. One can be satisfied and dissatisfied simultaneously. What does this mean for hygiene factors?

Chap 4
Where does McGregor's Theory X place strong emphasis?

Chap 4
Which of McGregor's theories finds that ordinary workers have an aversion to work and must be forced, coerced or threatened with punishment in order to achieve organizational goals?

Chap 4
Which of McGregor's theories indicates that the chief concern of employees is job security and survival and as such, they lack ambition and desire to avoid responsibility?

Chap 4
Which of McGregor's theories postulates that individuals have the capacity to develop, assume responsibility and direct their behavior toward goal realization AND that the real potential of the avg employee is underutilized?

Chap 4
Which theory finds that mgmt should create an organizational atmosphere that allows individual goal attainment while directing employee efforts toward the goals of the org?

Chap 4
According to Theory Y, when will employees exercise self-control and self-direction?

Chap 4
Under Theory Y, generally authority will prove to be an inappropriate technique for obtaining goals but may need to be used when?

Chap 4
Which motivation theory reduces the need for external control?

Chap 4
Under which theory of motivation is it the supervisor's job to create a working environment in which the potential of every officer can be tapped?

Chap 4
The author postulates that a supervisor functions between the two extremes of Theory x and Theory y.  When might Theory X be more appropriately utilized?

Chap 4
Which theory is predicated on the concept that it is the internal state as well as external forces impinging on individuals that will cause them act in a specific manner?

Chap 4
According to Vroom's Expectancy Theory, when will a worker be motivated to put forth the necessary effort?

Chap 4
What are the 4 basic assumption about human behavior that serve as the foundation of the expectancy theory?

Chap 4
Who created the "Equity Theory" and what is the keystone of the theory?

Chap 4
When viewed from a motivational perspective, when does equity (equity theory) occur?

Chap 4
What does Adams' Equity Theory call for?

Chap 4
What theory assumes that all employees compare themselves to others in terms of what they get out of a job (outputs) versus what they put into the work (inputs)?

Chap 4
Some degree of inequity is inevitable.  When do inequities exist?