Chapter 4 Tissues: The Living Fabric

groups of similar cells similar in structure and function

• 1. Epithelial - covering
• 2. Connective - support & binding
• 3. Muscle - movement
• 4. Nerve - control

• - supported by connective tissue (called basement membrane)
• - avascular (no blood supply) but innervated (has nerves)
• - regenerative
• - polarity (definite shape)
• - simple (single) & stratified (multiple) layers
• - cell shape

squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

• diffusion and filtration, friction reducing lining
• - found in lining of heart and blood vessels
• - epithelial type of tissue

• secretion and absorption
• - found in kidney tubules and ovary surface

• absorption and secretion
• - ciliated cells found in ining of bronchi, uterine tubes
• - conciliated found in digestive tract, gallbladder

• single layer of cells with different heights; some do not reath the free surface
• - function in secretion and propulsion of mucus
• - present in the sale sperm-carrying ducts (conciliated) and trachea (ciliated)

• protection of underlying areas subjucted to abrasion
• - found in the external skin's epidermis and lining of the esophagus, mouth and vagina

• - quite rare in the body
• - found in some sweat and mammary glands

• - limited distribution in the body
• - found in the pharynx, male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts

• - several cell layers, basal cells are cuboidal, surface cells are dome shaped
• - stretches and changes shape
• - lines the urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra

a gland is one or more cells that make and secrete an aqueous fluid

• - site of product release - endocrine or exocrine
• - relative number of cells forming the gland - unicellular or multicellular

endocrine & exocrine

• ductless glands that produce hormones
• - enter the blood and stay in the blood

• - more numerous than endocrine glands
• - secrete their products onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities
• - examples include mucous, sweat, oil, and salivary glands

• - merocrine: products are secreted by exocytose (e.g. pancreas, sweat, and salivary glands)
• - holocrine: products are secreted by the rupture of gland cells (cells destroyed in process)

• found throughout the body; most abundant and widely distributed
• - fills the spaces in the body between the other major tissue types (connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood)

• - binding and support
• - protection
• - insulation
• - transportation (blood deals mostly with transportation)

• - gound substance - unstructured material that fills the space between cells
• - fibers
• - cells

• - interstitial (tissue) fluid (mostly water)
• - adhesion proteins - fibernectin and laminin
• - proteoglycans - glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

function as a molecular sieve through which nutrients diffuse between blood capillaries and cells

• - collagen: tough; provides high tensile strength
• - elastic: long, thin fibers that allow for stretch
• - reticular: branched collagenous fibers that form delicate networks

• - fibroblasts: connective tissue proper
• - chondroblasts: cartilage
• - osteoblasts: bone
• - hematopoietic stem cells: blood (white blood cells, plasma cells, macrophages and mast cells)