Estimated Average Requirements for Pregnant/ non-pregnant women

Calcium

Iron

Vitamine D

Calcium absorbtion naturally increases so there is no need for extra dietary requirements

for strong bones and teeth

• - none is lost through menstration
• - there is increase aborbtion by the gut
• - there is also extra HB for mum and fetus (preg woman has a 1.5dm increase)

stim the aborbtion of calcium

• energy
• protein
• Vit A
• Vit B1 (Thiamine)
• Vit B2 (Riboflavin)
• Vit B3 (Nicotinic acid)
• Vit C
• Folate

• - for growth of fetus
• - deposition of fat in mums body for laction

for growth of featal and maternal tissue

• 1. Growth, development and differentiation of fetus
• 2. maternial tissue growth (esp for healthy skin and epithila)
• 3. Provision of reserves in liver of fetus

Vitamine B2

• helps make energy avaliable
• relates to energy needs (deopsition of fat, growth of featus?)

Riboflavin

enables the release of energy from food

• for cellular respiration
• (again related to energy requiremnets)

• - for healthy conective tissue
• - stimulates the abosorbtion of iron

- for effeiciant use of iron and therefore formation of HB and RBC

- lack of folate can cause increase risk of fetal nural tube defects e.g. Spina-bifida

- a pill suplement can be given to increase levels