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Intel 105

  1. 105.1 Discuss the responsibilities of the following organizations in the collection,
    production, and dissemination of SIGINT
    a. National Security Agency
    b. Naval Information Operations Centers
    c. Fleet Information Operations Centers
    • NSA - a unified organization structured to provide SIGINT mission of the US.
    • -ensures protection of national security systems for all departments and agencies of US Govt.
    • -Functional manager for SIGINT per EO 12333

    • Naval Information Operations Center
    • -Organized under 10th Fleet
    • -Deliver SIGINT and IO expertise and equipment to fleet air, surface, subsurface, expeditionary, spec war, and collocated NSA/CSS components

    • Fleet Information Operations Center
    • -within each NIOC is a FIOC
    • -responsible for geo area and target region and is aligned to support the assigned regional MOC.
  2. 105.2 Discuss the purpose, capabilities, and limitations of SIGINT.
    • SIGINT is the intelligence produced by exploiting foreign communication systems and noncommunication emmiters.
    • Subdivided into COMINT, ELINT, FISINT

    • -COMINT is intel collected and processed data from foreign communications passed by radio, wire, or other electro magnetic means.
    • -ELINT is intel gather and processed from noncommunication emitter (radars and such). Subidivided into:
    • ---OPELINT - concerned with operationally relevant info concerning location, movement, employment, tactics, and association with weapon systems.
    • ---TECHELINT - concerned with the technical aspects of the equipment (signal characteristics, caps, lims, etc)

    • FISINT (foreign instrumentation signals) - the technical analysis of data intercepted from foreign equipment and control systems such as:
    • -telemetry
    • -electronic interrogators
    • -machine to machine
    • -video data links
    • -track/fuse/arm/fire command systems
  3. 105.3 Describe the functions of/support provided by the following NSA cryptologic centers:
    a. NSA/CSS Washington
    b. NSA/CSS Georgia
    c. NSA/CSS Hawaii
    d. NSA/CSS Colorado
    e. NSA/CSS Texas
    CSS is the Central Security Service - the military portion

    • a. NSA/CSS Washington
    • b. NSA/CSS Georgia
    • - specializes in working closely with military customers to understand their operations, their requirements and their culture to ensure that signals intelligence is tailored and responsive to the needs of the warfighter.
    • c. NSA/CSS Hawaii
    • conducts signals intelligence (SIGINT) on foreign intelligence targets, cybersecurity operations to protect United States Government communications, and conducts cyberspace operations in order to gain a decisive advantage for the Nation and our allies and partners.

    • d. NSA/CSS Colorado
    • is a multi-disciplined cryptologic center that leverages partnerships to produce integrated intelligence critical to warfare in support of national missions and priorities world-wide. overhead tech SIGINT collection and processing

    • e. NSA/CSS Texas
    • conducts worldwide signals intelligence, cyberspace operations, and cybersecurity operations to ensure integrity and availability of mission and computer systems.
  4. 105.4 Discuss the process for SIGINT collection, transmission, and dissemination to
    include sanitization to GENSER systems.
  5. 105.5 Discuss the purpose, capabilities, and limitations of ELINT.
  6. 105.6 Discuss the purpose, capabilities, and limitations of COMINT.
  7. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    a. Transverse wave
    waves that at a right angle in regards to the direction of travel (think radio waves, light, heat waves)
  8. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    b. Longitudal wave
    sound waves travel back and forth, in compression type mostion
  9. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    c. Medium
    The vehicle in which a wave is traveling from one point to the next.
  10. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    d. Cycle
    wave moving from 0 to the crest, back through 0, to the trough, and back up to 0 is a cycle (or any same point as long as start and end are at the same y axis)
  11. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    e. Wavelength
    Distance covered by 1 cycle
  12. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    f. Amplitude
    • Height of the crest above the reference line (0)
    • Amplitude gives relative energy as the wave moves (longer cycle = more energy)
  13. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    g. Frequency
    • the number of cycles in a given time.
    • Frequency is measured in Hertz
  14. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    h Time
    certain number of waves pass a point in a certain amount of time
  15. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    i. Reflection
    waves that are neither transmitted through a new medium or not observed are simply reflected back from the surface of the medium they encounter
  16. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    j. Incident wave
    • a current or voltage wave that travels through a transmission line from the generating source towards the load
    • think the light from a flashlight before it hits the floor
  17. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    k. Angle of incidence
    angle between incident wave and the normal (the perpendicular line on the new medium)
  18. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    l. Angle of reflection
    the angle between the reflected wave and the normal
  19. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    m. Diffraction
    • the bending of the wave path when the waves meet an obstruction.
    • amount depends on the wavelength.
    • Higher frequency (shorter wavelength) are rarely diffracted in the world.
  20. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    n. Doppler effect
    • apparent change in frequency or pitch when a sound source moves toward/away from the listener.
    • The compression or seperation of waves due to movement
  21. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    o. Ground wave
    radio waves that travel near the surface of the earth (surface and space waves)
  22. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    p. Sky wave
    radio waves that are reflected back to Earth from the ionospher.
  23. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    q. Skip zone and skip distance
    SKIP ZONE - zone of silence between the point where wave becomes too weak for reception and point where the skywave is first returned to earth

    SKIP DISTANCE - distance from transmitter to the point where skywave is first returned.
  24. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    r. Refraction, absorption
    REFRACTION - the change in direction due to a different velocity when the wave passes into another medium

    ABSORPTION - the loss of energy due to the medium
  25. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    s. Ducting
    temperature inversion can allow waves to travel distance far beyond normal range. Wave will be trapped in a "duct" and travel by repeated reflection
  26. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    t. Tropospheric scatter
    • using the turbulence between the tropospher and stratospher to bounce signals back to earth.
    • Method provides several hops and reception beyond line of site
  27. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    u. Critical frequency, Frequency of optimum traffic
    CRITICAL FREQUENCY - the maximum frequency that a radio wave can be transmitted vertically and still be refracted back to earth

    Frequency of optimum traffic - the most practical frequency and the one that can be relied on to have the fewest problems.
  28. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    v. Polarization
    • the plane in which the wave propogates with respect to the earth.
    • Vertical polarization - think up/down
    • horizontal polarization - left/right
  29. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    w. Space wave
    • follows 2 distinct paths:
    • 1) through air directly to receiving antenna
    • 2) reflected from the ground to the receiving antenna
  30. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    x. Phase
    • -Two sound waves of the same frequency that are perfectly aligned have a phase difference of 0 and are said to be “in phase.”
    • -Two waves that are in phase add to produce a sound wave with an amplitude equal to the sum of the amplitudes of the two waves.
  31. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    y. Line of sight
    wave travel in a direct line from transmitter to receiver
  32. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    z. Atmospheric conditions
    • Layers:
    • Ionospher
    • Stratosphere
    • Troposphere
    • Ground

    Atmospheric conditions, such as temp, humidity, pressure, all have an impact on wave propogation
  33. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    aa. Natural Interference
    Refers to static that occurs due to natural phenomena, such as thunderstorms, snowstorms, cosmic weather, etc.
  34. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    ab. Terrain
    • the attenuation that a surface wave undergoes because of induced voltage also depends on the electrical properties of the terrain over which the wave travels.
    • rocky terrain has poor relative conductivity
  35. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    ac. Modulation types
    amplitude modulation - the amplitude is changed with frequency and phase are constant

    frequency modulation - frequency is changed while amplitude and phase are constant

    Phase modulation - phase is changed while amplitude and frequency are constant
  36. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    ad. Ionospheric variations
    the length of the transmission path can alter due to ionosphere
  37. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    ae. Radio frequency interference
    • AKA electromagnetic interference
    • - interference that can result in annoying or impossible operating conditions.
    • -man made and natural causes
  38. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    af. Attenuation
    general term referring to any reduction in the strength of a signal
  39. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    ag. EMI
    • - interference that can result in annoying or impossible operating conditions.
    • -man made and natural causes
  40. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    ah. Scattering
    • when a radio wave passing through the troposphere meets turbulence, it makes an abrupt change in velocity.
    • Causes the small amount of the energy to be scattered in a forward direction and returned to earth at distance beyond the horizon.
    • Can be used to transmit far beyond horizon
  41. 105.7 Define basic radio wave propagation principles to include:
    ai. Power
    doubling the distance between transmitter and receiver will reduce the power to 1/4 of previous power
  42. 105.8 Describe the frequency range of the following spectrum designators and their
    propagation characteristics:
    a. ELF
    b. SLF
    c. ULF
    d. VLF
    e. LF
    f. MF
    g. HF
    h. VHF
    i. UHF
    j. SHF
    k. EHF
    Type Min Hz Max wave length
     ELF 3 Hz 100,000 km
    SLF 30 Hz 10,000 km
    ULF .3 Hz 1,000 km
    VLF 3 kHz 100 km
    LF  30 kHz  10 km
    MF 300 kHz 1 km
    HF 3 MHz 100 m
    VHF 30 MHz 10 m
    UHF 300 MHz 1 m
    SHF  3 GHz 10 cm
    EHF 30 GHz 10 mm
    THF .3 - 3 THz 1 - .1 mm
  43. 105.9 Discuss the purpose, capabilities, and limitations of FISINT
    • technical analysis of data intercepted from foreign equipment nd control systems.
    • Include telemetry, video data links, electronic interrogation, and tracking/fusing/armin/firing command systems
  44. 105.10 Discuss the purpose, capabilities, and limitations of MASINT.
    • Lims is that it is very technail
    • Pro uses science to determine characteristics
  45. 105.11 Discuss the purpose, capabilities, and limitations of ACINT
    can provide intel on subsurface environment
  46. 105.12 Discuss the contents, reporting, and timeline requirements for a CRITIC.
    • information concerning possible threats to US national security that are so significant that they require the immediate attention of POTUS and National Security Counsel.
    • SOP are provided by DIRNSA.
    • MUST BE RELEASED WITHIN 15 MINUTES
  47. 105.13 Discuss the risks associated with using single source SIGINT.
    • over reliance
    • failure to believe the SIGINT
    • Only one piece to the puzzle
    • technical issues
    • lack of timeliness
Author
dundane
ID
356489
Card Set
Intel 105
Description
Updated

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