Intel 102

• Command at all levels is the art of motivating and directing people and organizations into action to accomplish the mission
• Control is to manage and direct forces and functions consistent with a commander's command authority

• the exercise of authority, responsibility, and direction by a commander over assigned and attached forces to accomplish the mission.
• Starts at Combatant command

• command authority that may be exercised by commanders at any echelon at or below COCOM.
• May be delegated within the command.
• Operational control, planning, sourcing, (but not logistics) of assigned or attached units to accomplish the mission.

• authority over assigned or attached forces
• limited to the detailed direction and control of movements and maneuvers within the operational area necessary to accomplish assigned mission or tasks assigned by the commander exercising OPCON or TACON

• May be delegated to and exercised by commander at or below the level of Service components
• respect to administration and support, including:
• organization of service forces
• control of resources and equipment
• personnel management
• logistics
• individual and unit training
• readiness and mobilization

• delegated to commander or individual for coordinating a specific function and activities involving forces or two or more:
• military departments,
• joint force components,
• forces of the same service

it's a consulting relationship mainly for planning

• DIRLAUTH
• granted by a commander (any level) to subordinate to directly consult or coordinate an action with a command or agency within or outside granting command.
• More applicable to planning
• not an authority through command
• keep commander informed!

• Responsible for the overall health of their respective force
• budget, manning, logistics, admin, etc.
• coordinate and solve disputes between CCMDs

The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the principal military adviser to the President, Secretary of Defense, and the National Security Council (NSC), however, all JCS members are by law military advisers, and they may respond to a request or voluntarily submit, through the Chairman, advice or opinions to the President, the Secretary of Defense, or NSC

• No executive authority
• "the chain of command "runs from the President to the Secretary of Defense; and from the Secretary of Defense to the commander of the combatant command"

• Responsibilities as members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff take precedence over duties as the Chiefs of Military Services
• Identify requirements to the applicable Secretary and coordinate for required admin and logistic support.
• resolve disputes between Departments

• COCOM provides full authority for a CCDR to perform those functions of command over assigned forces involving:
• organizing and employing commands and forces,
• assigning tasks
• designating objectives
• and giving authoritative direction over all aspects of military operation
• training of assigned forces
• logistics
• 6 Geographical
• 5 functional

• unified commands may establish subordinate unified commands to conduct operations on a continuing basis IAW criteria from unified command
• Ex. USFK, USFJ
• exercise OPCON over assigned forces

constituted and designated by SecDef, a CCDR, Sub unified commander, or an existing commander, joint task force (CJTF) to accomplish a mission with specific, limited objectives and which do not require centralized control of logistics

• Service component commanders retain responsibility for certain service-specific functions and other matters affecting their force:
• internal admin
• personnel
• training, sustainment
• service intel operations

Joint Functional Component can establish functional component commands to conduct operations when forces from two or more servicse must operate in the same physical domain or accomplish a distinct aspect of the assigned mission

• Conflict Continuum:
• - Peace to War
• -Cooperation, COmpetition, Conflict/War

• Range of Military Operations:
• -Military Engagement, Security Cooperation, and deterrence
• -Crisis Response and Limited Contigency Operatons
• -Large-Scale Combat Operations

• Shape
• Deter
• Seize initiative
• Dominate
• Stabilize
• Enable Civil Authority
• Shape

• USNORTHCOM
• USEUCOM
• USAFRICOM
• USSOUTHCOM
• USINDOPACOM
• USCENTCOM
• USSPACECOM
• USSOCOM
• USSTRATCOM
• USTRANSCOM
• USCYBERCOM

• SOCOM is not limited to a geographic location because it is worldwide
• It also covers all the special operations across the services - man, train, and equip

• HQ - Stuttgart, Germany
• US Naval Forces, African (NAVAF)
• - Naples, Italy

• HQ - MacDill AFB, FL
• US Naval Forces Central Command (NAVCENT)
• -Manama, Bahrain

• HQ - Fort Meade, MD
• US Fleet Cyber Command (10th Fleet)
• -Ft Meade, MD

• Stuttgart, Germany
• US Naval Forces, Europe (NAVEUR)
• -Naples, Italy

• HQ - Norfolk, VA
• US Fleet Forces
• - Norfolk, VA

• HQ - Camp Smith, HI
• US Pacific Fleet
• - Pearl Harbor, HI

• MacDill AFB, FL
• - Naval Special Warfar Command (NSWC)
• -Coronado, CA

• Doral, FL
• US Naval Forces Southern/4th Fleet
• -Jacksonville, FL

• Offut AFB, NE
• -US Fleet Forces
• -Norfolk, VA

• Scott, AFB, IL
• -Military Sealift Command
• -Norfolk, VA

• OODA Loop cycle
• -observe
• -orient
• -decide
• -act

• 1. Actions in battlespace
•  ->Sense, process
• 2. Common Tactical Picture
•  ->Derive knowledge
• 3. Situational Awareness
•  ->Make decisions
• 4.Commander's Intent and Orders
•  ->Execute (back to step 1)

required that all components be working toward the same end goal to achieve maximum mission effectiveness

• Primary method for information sharing, gaining situational awareness.
• Collaborative planning in maritime domain is through development and maintenance of a global maritime Common Operational Picture (COP)

Individual command posts (CP) can make some tactical decisions and have more authority for weapons release

• A military command and control doctrine
• hybrid of command by direction and command by influence.
• Common in US Navy
• Based on idea of allowing individual officers to show their own initiative in executing actions, freeing up their superiors to focus on the bigger picture
• Also necessary in a defensive scenario when centralized decision making would delay important decision making

Composite Warfare Commander concept revolves around a greater emphasis on decentralized authority and provides a more effective means for using the Carrier Strike Group resources for tactical sea control.

• 3 tiered-structure
• -Warfare commanders
• -functional group commanders
• -resource coordinators

• CWC - typically the CSG commander.
•  - Callsign: AB
• OTC- the senior officer with command authority over all forces within a maritime Operational Area (OA).
• Normally the numbered fleed Commanders.
• Callsign - AA
• Duties to perform without delegation:
• - designate a force-wide CWC and alternate
• -Direct and monitor operations
• -Establish and (with the assistance of appropriate warfare commanders and coordinators) promulgate policies for the force
• -Establish C3 guidance, establish force task organization if not already tasked by higher. Specify chain of command between OTC, CWC, warfare commanders, and coordinators
• -Promulgate a force comms plan (and alt)

• Air Missile Defense Commander (AMDC)
• Callsign: AW, AC
• Typically Crusier CO
•  - Air defense warning conditions and weapons control
•  - recommend air surveillance area
•  - Develop and implement air surveilance and defense plan
•  - issue criteria for weapons release and expenditures
•  - Coordinates and controls air surveillance
• Information Operations Warfare Commander (IWC)
• Callsign: AQ
• Senior intelO of CSG
•  - shaping and assessing the information environment
•  - acheive and maintain information superiority
•  - support other warfare commanders
•  - located on carrer
• Antisubmarine Warfare Commander (ASWC)
• Callsign: AX, AY
• Usually DESRON CO
•  - denying enemy the effective use of submarines
•  - normally the destroyer squadron (DESRON) commander
• Surface Warfare Commander (SUWC)
• Callsign: AS, AT
• Normally the CVN CO
•  - surface surveillance coordination and war-at-sea operations
•  - operations to destroy or neutralize enemy naval surface forces and merchant vessels
•  - best on board carrier (superior C4I)
• Sea Combat Commander (SCC)
• Callsign: AZ
• Typically DESRON CO
•  - ASWC and SUWC are combined into the sea combat commander wheven the level of activity and complexity of missions are deemed manageable.
•  - tactical DESRON commander normally assumes
• Strike Warfare Commander (STWC)
• Callsign: AP, AK
• Normally CAG
•  - conduct operations to destroy or neutralize enemy targets ashore.
•  - located on carrier and is typically the carrier air wing commander (CAG)

• Temporary or permanent functional groups or components to conduct specific activity that supports the overall mission.
• Usually established to perform duties that are more limited in scope and duration than those performed by warfare commanders.

• Balistic Missile Defense Commander (BMDC)
• Callsign: AU

• Maritime Interception Operations Commander (MIOC)
• Callsign: AJ
•  - VBSS, search and seizure

• Mine Warefare Commander (MWC)
• Callsign: AG, AF
•  - coordinate laying minefields and supporting MCM forces (not usually under direct command of OTC)

• Screen Commander (SC)
• Callsign: AN
•  - CSG coordinator

Underway Replenishment Group Commander (URG CDR)

• - asset and resource managers
• - carry out policies of the CWC
• - respond to specific tasking of either warfare or functional group commanders

• Examples:
• Airspace control authority
• Air resource Element Coordinator
• Cryptologic Resource Coordinator
• Common Tactical Picture Manager
• Fleet Over-the-Horizon Track Coordinator
• Helicopter Element Coordinator
• Submarine Operations Coordinating Authority
• Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM) Launch Area Coordinator

• Maritime Operations Center
•  - Develop and implement the maritime elements of the CCDR campaign plan.
•  - To plan and coordinate support from and for other component commanders
•  - exercise control of forces for the commander

A joint operation plan for a series of related major operations aimed at achieving strategic or operational objectives within a given time and space

• Normally produced at CCDR or JTF level with subordinate commands producing support plans.
• -Any plan for the conduct of military operations prepared in response to actual and potential contingencies.

An operaion plan prepared by a supporting commander, subordinate commander, or an agency to satisfy the request or requirements of the supported commander's plan.

• -Concept Plan
• -an OPLAN in an abbreviated format that requires considerable expansion or alterations to convert into a complete operation plan or operation order.

• Concept of Operations
• -directs how and when subordinate units are to work together and employ forces and capabilities to accomplish the mission.
• -describe the conditions required for this to begin and provides sequence of actions to achieve the desired result.
• -main, supporting, shaping, and sustaining efforts.

• -Warning Order
• -planning directive that describes the situation, allocates forces and resources, establishes command relations, provides other planning guidance, and initiates subordinate mission planning.
• -prelim notice of an order to come.
• -increases subordinates planning time

• Execute order
• -a directive to implement an approved military CONOPs or order as directed

• Operation Order
• -issued by commander to subordinate commanders for the purpose of effecting the coordinated execution of an operation
• 5 Parts:
• -Situation
• -Mission
• -Execution
• -Service support
• -Command and Signal

A change to an order

• Operation General Message
• Maritime unique
• promulgate general matters of policy and instructions and common aspects of operations

• operational tasking message
• maritime unique
• detailed info for specific aspects within individual areas of warfare and for tasking resources
• includes logistics

• Daily Intentions Message
• direction from the latest iterationof commander's decision cycle.
• Operational and tactical level
• amplify or modify info in orders

provides intelligence preparation of the operational environment to help planning and execution.

• Time-phased force and deployment date
• - people/equipment deploying