psych quiz unit 1

• the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes
• Psychologists differ in how much importance they place on specific types of behaviour

having to do with an organism’s physical process

having to do with an organism’s thinking and understanding

the act or result of being aware of the inner nature of things

an assumption or prediction about behaviour that is tested through scientific research, Speculate Data, Experiment, Results, Analysis, and Theory.

a set of assumptions used to explain phenomena and offered for scientific study

• using psychological principles to solve more immediate problems
• (use scientific findings to accomplish practical goals)

• interested in the basic elements of human experience (Wilhelm
• Wundt)

study of how animals and people adapt to their environments – to study the function rather than the structure of consciousness. (William James)

perception is more than the sum of its parts – it involves a whole pattern

study how the unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behaviour, feelings and thoughts (Sigmund Freud)

analysis of how organisms learn or modify their behaviour based on their response to events in the environment (Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner)

a learned reaction to a stimulus

believe that each person has freedom in directing his or her future and achieving personal growth (Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow)

study how we process, store, retrieve and use information and how thought processes influence our behaviour

study how physical and chemical changes in our body influence our behaviour

• study the influence of cultural and ethnic similarities
• and differences in behaviour and social functioning

(ie. psychiatry, clinical, counselling)

particular characteristics transmitted from parents to their offspring

• biochemical units of heredity that make up the
• chromosomes

genetic makeup of organism (inherited from parents)

the observable physical properties of an organism (determined by genotype while also not necessarily inherited by parents)

mating of organisms closely related by ancestry

mating of organisms NOT closely related through ancestry

the experiments conducted to determine to what extent our behaviour is a product of our environment or our heredity

(triplets separated by birth, adopted by different families)

twins that came from the same egg, have the same heredity

twins that came from two different eggs and two different sperms (fifty percent genes shared)

child isolated from a young age and from human contact

instincts, reality, and morality

thoughts consisting of everything in our awareness

potential conscious thoughts

thoughts that we are unaware of

freud's method of resurrecting the unconscious thoughts to the conscious

process of assigning meaning to dreams

oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital. growth of the mind based on each stage of development as a source of pleasure.

children have possessive sexual desires for their opposite-sex parent while viewing their same-sex parent as a rival

the expression of the content of consciousness without censorship as an aid in gaining access to unconscious processes

refusal to accept reality or facts

behaviours people use to separate themselves from unpleasant events

taking own feelings and faults and averting them to someone else

finding excuses to justify unacceptable actions and motives

Engaging in behaviour of an earlier stage of development

Avoiding emotionally unpleasant tasks and doing something that offers a temporary mood boost instead

Prevention of unacceptable emotions or desires from becoming conscious

unconsciously replacing unwanted impulse and feelings with an opposite reaction