Parts of Cells

A specialized cellular part, basically the GUTS of the cells.

The cell membrane sorrounds the cell, holding in the fluids and materials that the cell needs to surive. Basically the SKIN OF THE CELL.

The cell membrane is made of phospholipid bilayer.

Phospholipid bilayer is a two layer arrangent of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell mebrane. It is embedded with protein that allows good things to enter the cell and makes bad things stay out.

The protein gates in the cell membrane are resposible for letting good stuff in and keeping bad stuff out. If the gates recognize something thats BAD as something GOOD it is let into our system, in turn having a negative affect (possibly sickness) on us.

Robert Hooke

Cytoplams is a jelly-like substance that fills in the extra space within the cell. Not only does it protect the organelles, it puts pressure on the cell walls so it can stay in a circular shape.

The necleus is the BRAIN of the cell. Contained within the nuclear evelope, the necleus contains all of the cells genetic information (DNA).

NO, single simple cells don't, however they are doomed to a very sad and boring life.

Ribosones are crucial to cells as they are repsosible for producing proteins. Without ribosomes, your cell is doomed.

The NECLEOLUS

The necleur envelope is a membrane that contains pores for material transfer, it is the outer shell of the entire NECLEUS.

Vesicles are small transport bubbles created by "pinching off" the cell membrane. They are resposible for all movement within and out of cells.

This is essentially the WORKSITE. These tube like structures come in two types; smooth and rough.

Rough ER is covered in ribosones (proteins) and assist with the transportation of materials around the cell. Smooth ER is not convered in ribosones, instead they make lipids and fats. Smooth ER helps package the material into vesicles for transport.

Think of this as a FIVE STAR RESTRAUNT. Vesicles arrive here with "ingredients", then the golgi appartatus takes the raw materials and makes a new, usable version of it. It then repackages it and sends it to wherever it needs to go. The golgi apparatus is also resposible for making lysosomes.

After the internal materials from the vesicle are removed, the actual vesicle is absobored into the golgi appartatus, or the "chef".

Lysomoses are specialized vesicles that contain digenstive enzymes. Created in the golgi apparatus, they are ACID BALLS and a vells alternative to a stomach.

Mitcochondria converts stored chemical energy in glucose into energy the cell can use- specifically in the form of ATP. Mitochondria shatters the bonds that are keeping the cells from using the glucose they have. This reaction is called CELLULAR RESPIRATION.

The process of converting glucose into usable energy

Centrioles are small churro looking structures that ensure the necleus divides properly during cell division. After cell division, the centrioles move copies of the original genetic information to the correct location in each of the new cells.

Vacuoles are storage sacks that contain water, food particles, and minerals. Basically storage rooms so that cells don't DIE if times get rough.

Lysosomes and centricles

Plant cells contain one MASSIVE vacuole that takes up majority of the cell, providing turgor pressure to keep the plant cell rigid.

• Plants are covered in a rigid CELL WALL composed of cellulose. The cell wall provides protection and helps the cell maintain its shape. (like BODY ARMOUR!) 
• - When we eat plants, this is the hard crunch that we bite through.

Found in the cell wall, cellulose is a molecule that humans cannot digest. That being said, it is extremely important because when we consume it acts as a pipe scraper and clears our digestice track.

Chloroplast is an organelle that uses solar energy and carbon dioxide to manufacture glucose, essentially it blows up water and recombines it into sugar. This is the process is known as PHOTOSYNTHESIS, and is made possible because of chlorophyll (green pigment located within the chloroplast)

• PRO= NO. Prokaryotic cells are cells "before necleus" and refers to cells of very simple organisms that do not have a necleur membrane (such as bacteria). 
• - These cells still have DNA, it is just loose and floats around.

EU= TRUE! Eukaryotic means '"true nucleus" and refers to cells containing a nucleur membrane.