NMR Spectroscopy

Study of the interaction between light and matter

Determines bond types within molecule

Determines molecular weight of a molecule

Determines the location and connectivity of nuclei within a molecule

Determines bond patterns within a molecule

Radio

Nuclear spin and a atom with ODD atomic mass or atomic number

0-2

I= 2I+1 

• For Hydrogen: 2(.5)+1=2
• Two energy states

When the larmor (rotational frequency) is equal to the applied (radio frequency) 

The frequency of the nucleus spinning is equal to the frequency of the radio waves being applied to it

All nuclei are hit with a pulse, which then listens for the relaxation of the nuclei and records them all at once, as opposed to one by one as it used to be with continuous wave NMR (where frequencies had to be blasted one at a time)

Determined by the number of group signals in the NMR spectrum

• The position of the signal groups on the line 
• Downfield = DEshielded
• Upfield= shielded

Number of protons that are in each signal

Patterns within the signals that provide structural information about the molecule 

ex: You would know how many proton neighbors something has by the amount of spikes that are there

It is used to be the internal reference when looking at chemical shifting. It is always at zero ppm and always has one signal

The more electronegative the atom, the more it will deshield the H

The closer H is to the electronegative atom, the more it will feel that effect of the electronegative pull and vice versa

When the electrons in a pi system (double bonds) are subjected to a magnetic field, that begin to rotate a lot

Because they are not rotating in all the same space, it means that certain regions will have different magnetic strengths

Yes