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osteoarthritis
- erosion of articular cartilage of weght bearing joints, like those in vert. column
- most common form of arthritis
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osteoarthritis most common in what region?
cervical region
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what does bone try to do when arthritis occurs?
- tries to remodel cartilage after it is gone by creating ostephytes to compensate
- BUT as they grow, they push on nerves in IV foramen > causes irritation of spinal nerves
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whiplash
- cervical hyperextension injury
- associated usually with rear-end vehicular crash
- properly adjusted headrests can greatly reduce this injury
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strain vs sprain
- strain = muscle tear
- sprain = ligament tear
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what heals faster bone or muscle?
bone
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jefferson fracture
- four part fracture of C1
- caused by fall on vertex/head
- pts have upper neck pain but can be neurologically intact
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hangman fracture
- caused by hyperextension of head on neck
- bipedicle fracture of C2
- anterior displacement of C2 and C3
- results in quadriplegia or death
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spondylosis
- fracture of pars interaticularis which connects superior and inferior articular processes
- the interlocking mechanism is broken
- common in older ppl
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scotty dog sign is uself in identifying what fracture?
spondylosis
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spondylolisthesis
sometimes stress fracture of spondylosis can weaken the bone so much that it cannot maintain propr position in the spine > vertebra starts to shift or slip out of place
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where is spondylolisthesis common?
- between L5 and S1
- L5 will tilt downward
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disease of zygoapophyseal joints
- important because theyre close to IV foramina
- causes pain along distribution patterns of dermatomes & spasm in muscles derived from assoc. myotomes
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sacralization
- L5 vertebra is partially or totally fused with sacrum
- b/c L5/S1 is not very strong, the L4/L5 level is likely to degenerate in these cases
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kyphosis
- abnormally increased thoracic curvature
- commonly seen in the elderly
- usually caused by osteoporosis > resulting in anterior vertebral erosion or compression fracture
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lordosis
- excessive lumbar curvature - pulled forward
- aka sway back or low back
- seen in association with weak trunk muscles, pregnancy, obesity
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scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of spine, accompanied by rotation of vertebrae
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rupture of transverse ligament
dens will push on spinal cord > can cause quadriplegia
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