-
Drugs to counteract side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Amifostine
- Mesna
- Dexrazoxane
- Leucovirin
- Colony Stimulating factors
- Erythropoietin
-
Small Molecule Inhibitors
- Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
- ALK Inhibitors: Alcetinib
- EGFR Inhibitors: Erlotinib
- Proteasome Inhibitors: Bortezomib
- BRAF Inhibitors: Vemurafenib
-
Cell Cycle Non-Specific: Mainly acts on high as well as low rate tumors
- Alkylating Agents (@CPN): Binds to two guanine bases and lead to formation of cross links whichwill lead to broken DNA and will arrest cell cycle at any phase leading to apoptosis and programmed cell death at any cycle
- o Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide
- o Cisplatin, Carboplatin
- o Procarbazine, Melphan
- o Nitrosureas (Lomustine and Carmustine)
- Antitumor Antibiotics(Actinomycin, Bleomycin,Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin)
- o Free Radical Formation
- o Inhibit Topoisomerase II
- o Intercalation of DNA
-
S phase Specific
- Antimetabolites
- o Cytarabine
- o Azathioprine, 6-Mercaptopurine: Inhibit Purine Synthesis
- o 6-Thioguanine: Inhibit Purine Synthesis
- o 5-Fluorouracil: Inhibit Thymidylate Synthetase
- o Methotreaxate: Inhibit Dihydrofolate Synthtase Inhibitor
- DNA Synthesis Enzyme Inhibitor
- o Hydroxyurea: Inhibit Ribunucleotide reductase which inhibit the formation of deoxyribonucleotide from ribonucleotide
- o Irinotecan: Inhibit Topoisomerase 1 (Prevent Supercoiling by breaking 1 strands)
- o Etoposide: Inhibit Topoisomerase 2 (Prevent Supercoiling by breaking 2 strands)
-
G2 phase Specific
• Bleomycin: Bind to DNA/undergo Oxidation, Free radical release attack phosphodiester bond and break strands
-
M Phase Specific (Antimicrotubular Agents)
- • Microtubule Destabilizers which prevents assemble of microtubules (Vinca Alkaloids): Vinblastin and Vincristine
- • Microtubule stabilizers which prevents disassembly of microtubules (Taxanes): Paclitaxel
-
Monoclonal Ab
- Her2 Neu
- CD20
- CD30
- VGEF inhibitor: Bevacizumab
-
Radiotherapy
- Uses Ionising Radiation
- Mechanism of Action: Direct DNA Damage, Indirect Free Radical Formation
-
5 R of Radiotherapy
- Reoxygenation,
- Repair of tissue,
- Redistribution,
- Repopulation
- Radiation Sensitivity
-
Molecular Diagnostic
- PCR Phase (DAE)
- FlowCytometry
- Microarrary
- ELISA
- FISH
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