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F. Fetal Echo physiology

  1. What is partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection from the right lung almost always present with?
    Sinus venosus a atrial Septal Defect

  2. What are two of the first signs of total anomalous pulmonary venous (TAPVR) return in the fetus?
    • * 1. Enlarged right ventricle
    • * 2. Prominent pulmonary artery
  3. Which type of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is almost always associated with a severe obstruction?
    Infracardiac
  4. What type of total anomalous venous return (TAPVR) is rarely obstructed?
    Supracardiac
  5. What cardiac defect is found in all cases of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)?
    Atrial septal defect
  6. What type of atrial septal defect is always present with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return?
    Coronary sinus atrial septal defect
  7. An enlarged right atrium and apically displaced Tricuspid Valve are classic features of what congenital heart defect?
    Ebstein Anomaly
  8. Classic features of this heart defect include a plate like pulmonic valve, massive distention of the pulmonary artery & its branches, & commonly a right sided aortic arch.
    Absent for pulmonic valve syndrome
  9. Hypoplasia of the right ventricle most commonly results from what?
    Pulmonary atresia with an intact interventricular septum
  10. What cardiac defect is most commonly associated with double outlet right ventricle (DORV)?
    Pulmonary stenosis
  11. It’s a ventricular septum bows towards the left ventricle what two things does this indicate?
    • * 1. Severe tricuspid regurgitation
    • * 2. Ebstein Anomaly
  12. What is the cardiac Defect most commonly associated with truncus arteriosus?
    Agenesis of the ductus arteriosus
  13. What is the most common relationship of the great vessels in double outlet right ventricle?
    Side by side
  14. What are the four types of double outlet right ventricle? What are these based on?
    • * 1. Aorta right and posterior to pulmonary artery;
    • * normal
    • * 2. Aorta right and lateral to pulmonary artery;
    • * side-by-side and most common
    • * 3. Aorta left and anterior to pulmonary artery;
    • * levomalposition
    • * 4. Aorta anterior to pulmonary artery;
    • * dextromslposition
    • * -they are based on the relation ship of the great arteries
  15. What 4 things have been associated with right sided aortic arch?
    • * 1. Truncus arteriosus—50%
    • * 2. Tetralogy of Fallot—25%
    • * 3. D-transposition of the great arteries—20%
    • * 4. Pulmonary atresia-5%
  16. If there is a complex heart defect and the aorta is seen overriding the left ventricle by more than 50%, what 4 things may the defect be?
    • * 1. Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal
    • * defect
    • * 2. Tetralogy of Fallot
    • * 3. Truncus arteriosus
    • * 4. Double outlet right ventricle
  17. What is the most common type of double outlet right ventricle?
    Double outlet right ventricle with a subaortic in Ventricle Septal Defect
  18. Taussig-Bing is a combination of what?
    Subpulmonic ventricular septal defect with side-by-side great vessels
  19. What cardiac anomaly are more than 65 to 70% of cases of double outlet right ventricle associated with?
    Pulmonic Stenosis
  20. More than 60% of the cases of Epstein anomaly what is it associated with?
    Pulmonic stenosis
  21. Exposure to what drug is thought to be associated with Ebstein Anomaly? And what is this drug often used for?
    • * Lithium
    • * Bipolar disorder
  22. What arises from the right ventricle in double outlet right ventricle (DORV)?
    The aorta & the pulmonary artery
  23. If you see two vessels posterior to the heart in the 4ch heart view, what anomaly do you suspect?
    Interrupted inferior vena cava with azygous vein continuation
  24. What syndrome is associated with an interrupted IVC and an azygous vein continuation?
    Polysplenia
  25. With a sinus venosus defect of the superior vena cava, 80-90% of fetuses will have what defect?
    Anomalous pulmonary venous connections
  26. When a dilated IVC is seen what is the suspected diagnosis?
    Agenesis of the ductus venosus
  27. Where would bloodflow if the fetus has a agenesis of the ducts venosus?
    Blood entering the fetus through the umbilical vein would flow into the IVC and abruptly be terminated because of the absence of the ductus venosus
  28. Where would a coronary sinus atrial septal defect be located?
    Right Atrium
  29. What is a coronary sinus atrial septal defect generally associated with?
    Left superior vena cava which enters the upper left aspect of the left atrium
  30. What is the most common cardiac venous Anomaly?
    Persistent left superior vena cava
Author
kirbykat
ID
355800
Card Set
F. Fetal Echo physiology
Description
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