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E. Fetal Echo Cardiology

  1. With L transposition of the great arteries post natal circulation is best described as what?
    Parallel
  2. The great vessels will be seen parallel to each other in what 4 cardiac heart defects?
    • * 1. Double outlet right ventricle
    • * 2. D transposition of the great arteries
    • * 3. L transposition of the great arteries
    • * 4. Double outlet left ventricle
  3. What cardiac defect are the great vessels NOT seen parallel to each other?
    Tetralogy of Fallot
  4. With abnormal intracardiac blood flow in volume through the left side of the heart what 4 lesions could be seen?
    • * 1. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
    • * 2. Aortic valve stenosis
    • * 3. Mitral valve atresia
    • * 4. Coarctation of the aorta
  5. What lesion would not cause abnormal intracardiac blood flow in volume through the left side of the heart?
    Pulmonary atresia
  6. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is associated with what for conditions?
    • * 1. Aortic atresia
    • * 2. Hypoplastic aorta
    • * 3. Small left ventricle
    • * 4. Coarctation of the aorta
  7. Which form of interrupted aortic arch is the most common?
    Type B
  8. In double outlet right ventricle associated with Tetralogy of Fallot what is the relationship of the great vessels?
    Normally related great arteries— pulmonary artery is anterior and left of the aorta. The aorta overrides the septum to the right by 50% or more. Pulmonary stenosis is common in this form.
  9. What is the cardiac anomaly most commonly associated with hypoplastic left heart syndrome?
    Coarctation of the aorta
  10. In coarctation of the aorta, the aortic narrowing occurs at what level approximately 98% of the time?
    Between the left subclavian artery in the ductus arteriosus
  11. 1. What are 3 classic features of Tetralogy of Fallot SEEN in utero? What feature may not be seen in utero?
    • * 1. VSD
    • * 2. Overriding Aorta
    • * 3. Pulmonic stenosis

    1. Right ventricular hypertrophy
  12. What is the most common cardiac cause of death in early neonates?
    Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
  13. Why would right ventricular hypertrophy not be seen in utero with Tetralogy of Fallot?
    Because of the patent Ductus arteriosus in the fetal circulation keeps the right Ventricle at systemic pressure 

  14. Coarctation of the aorta is found in 70% of patients with what?
    Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
  15. What is the most common associated cardiac Defect in a fetus with coarctation of the aorta?
    Bicuspid aortic valve
  16. A fetus with aortic atresia is seen with a poorly contracting left ventricle. The walls appear hyperechoic and the left ventricle is dilated what does this presentation describe?
    Endocardo fibroelastosis
  17. What is the most severe form of obstructive lesion of the left side of the heart?
    Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

  18. What three things are considered a ventricular abnormality?
    • * 1. Cor triatriatum
    • * 2. Parachute mitral valve
    • * 3. Supravalvular mitral ring
  19. What is a common indirect sign of coarctation of the aorta? Why would this occur?
    • * -Right ventricular diameter greater than the left ventricular diameter
    • * -aorta narrows causing decreased flow thru it > causes elevated left atrial pressure > blood shunts LT to RT across foramen ovale back into RT Atrium > goes across tricuspid valve > fills right ventricle > causes increased volume in RT > increases RT ventricular diameter
  20. What is the most common form of a univentricle heart?
    Double in-let single single Ventricle, left ventricle morphology
  21. What are considered the great arteries?
    • * Aorta
    • * Pulmonary artery
  22. What cardiac anomaly is demonstrated by two of the great arteries coming off the left ventricle?
    Double outlet left ventricle
  23. Which type of Univentricle heart is most lethal?
    Type C
  24. What are the 4 types of a univentricle heart? Describe each.
    • * Type A: absent right ventricular sinus (w/D-loop
    • * or L-loop)
    • * Type B: absent left ventricular sinus (w/D-loop
    • * or L-loop)
    • * Type C: absent or rudimentary ventricular
    • * septum (w/D-loop or L-loop)
    • * Type D: absent right and left ventricular sinuses
    • * an absent ventricular septum (w/D-loop
    • * or L-loop)
  25. What is the least frequent occurrence of interrupted aortic arch? Where is this?
    • * Type C interruption.
    • * Occurs at between innominate & LT CCA
  26. With severe hypoplastic left heart syndrome what 4 things would you expect to see during the intracardiac fetal heart survey?
    • * 1. Small left Ventricle
    • * 2. Enlarged RT heart
    • * 3. Left to right shunting at the atrial level
    • * 4. Hypoplastic aorta
  27. What do you think will always be seen in a total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)?
    • * -An atrial septal defect
    • * -A right to left shunt at the atrial level
  28. What is the most common type of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)?
    Supracardiac
  29. What is Infracardiac partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection associated with?
    Scimitar Syndrome
  30. What is Scimitar Syndrome?
    Anomalous venous drainage of the right lower and middle lobe‘s occurring in association with right lung hypoplasia
Author
kirbykat
ID
355799
Card Set
E. Fetal Echo Cardiology
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