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D. Fetal Echo Physiology

  1. What cardiac lesion is most common in a fetus with double outlet right ventricle?
    Ventral septal defect (VSD)
  2. Where is the most common location for ventricular septal defect (VSD) in a fetus with double outlet right ventricle?
    Subaortic
  3. What is the most common type of ventricular septal defect (VSD)?
    Membranous
  4. What is the most common location for ventricular septal defect (VSD) in double outlet left ventricle?
    Subaortic
  5. What 3 congenital heart defects associated with subvalvular aortic stenosis?
    • * 1. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
    • * 2. Coarctation of the aorta
    • * 3. Interrupted aortic arch
  6. What is a persistent left superior vena cava often associated with?
    Coronary sinus atrial septal defect
  7. Univentricular heart accounts for what percentage of all cardiac heart defects?
    1-3%
  8. What 4 things are considered tissue migration abnormalities?
    • * 1. Double outlet right ventricle
    • * 2. Tetralogy of Fallot
    • * 3. Truncus arteriosus
    • * 4. D-transposition of the great arteries
  9. What two defects are not though to result from cell death abnormalities?
    • * 1. Ostium primum atrial septal defect
    • * 2. Atrial septal defect
  10. What 2 defects are thought to result from cell death abnormalities?
    • * 1. Muscular Ventricle septal defect
    • * 2. Ebstein anomaly
  11. Embryologically what is an atrioventricular septal defect considered?
    Extracellular matrix abnormality
  12. With an extracellular matrix abnormality what area of the heart does it affect?
    Endocardial cushions of the heart
  13. What congenital heart defect results from the failure of the endocardial cushions to fuse properly?
    Atrioventricular septal defect
  14. What is the most common embryologic tissue migration abnormality?
    Tetralogy of Fallot
  15. What heart lesion is in most cases due to disturbances in the bulboventricular loop development during the embryonic stage?
    Univentrucular heart
  16. What a 5 heart defects are considered to be a conotruncal heart defect?
    • * 1. Tetralogy of Fallot
    • * 2. Double outlet right ventricle
    • * 3. Truncus arteriosus
    • * 4. Transposition of the great arteries
    • * 5. Ventricular septal defect
  17. What cardiac defect is classified by the pulmonary artery or arteries originating off a single great vessel arising from the heart?
    Truncus arteriosus
  18. In truncus arteriosus a single truncal valve may arise but it is least likely to arise over what?
    Left ventricle
  19. What are the two most common places for the truncus arteriosus to arrive from in the heart?
    • * 1. Middle of the heart just superior to a VSD
    • * 2. Over the right ventricle
  20. What is the most common type of atrioventricular septal defect in a live newborn?
    Incomplete/partial
  21. In D transposition of the great arteries where is the aorta?
    It is connected to the right ventricle
  22. What happens to the aorta & ventricles in L-transposition of the great arteries?
    • * -The aorta is connected to the morphologic
    • right ventricle
    • * -The ventricles are inverted
  23. Univentricle heart is classified by the presence or absence of what?
    A rudimentary ventricular chamber
  24. In truncus arteriosus the truncal valve most commonly has how many cusps?
    3 cusps
  25. The Collett & Edwards classification of truncus arteriosus is based on what?
    The origin of the pulmonary arteries
  26. What are the four classifications by Colette and Edwards for truncus arteriosus? Which is the most common
    • * -Type I: Single short main pulmonary artery arises off the left lateral trunk
    • * -Type II: two separate pulmonary arteries arise off the posteriolateral trunk
    • * -Type III: widely spaced pulmonary arteries come off the lateral trunk
    • * -Type IV: pulmonary arteries come off the descending aorta
    • * -Type I is the most common
  27. In both corrected and complete transposition of the great arteries, what is connected to the morphologic left ventricle? Right ventricle?
    • * -Aorta
    • * -pulmonary artery
  28. With transposition of the great arteries which 2 fetal heart views will be abnormal?
    • * Short access view of the great vessels
    • * Long access view of the great vessel
  29. What is the most common abnormality in children born with cyanotic heart disease?
    Tetralogy of Fallot
  30. With D transposition of the great arteries post natal circulation is best described as what?
    Parallel… The pulmonary and systemic circulation‘s are parallel in complete transposition of the grade arteries the right ventricle serves as a systemic ventricle
Author
kirbykat
ID
355798
Card Set
D. Fetal Echo Physiology
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