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connective tissue functions
- FORM - provide/maintain form in body
- BIND - connects and binds cells and tissues together
- HORMONES - hormone reservoir controlling cell growth and differentiation
- NUTRIENTS/WASTE - medium through which nutrients and wastes are exchanged between cells/blood supply
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components of connective tissue - just the terms
cells, fibers, ground substance
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the three types of connective tissue cells and examples of each
- mesenchymal - fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells
- hematopoietic - mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes (T&B cells), RBCs
- macrophage like cells - monocytes (blood), macrophage (tissue), multinuclear giant cell (CT), Kupffer cell (liver), microglia (CNS), Langerhans cell (skin), dendritic cell (lymph nodes), osteoclast (bone)
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three types of connective tissue fibers
collagen, elastic, reticular fibers.
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Where are collagen fibers located? What gives a collagen fiber it's characteristics?
Collagen fibers are dispersed in the ECM. The amount of fibers present and the proportions of fibers specialize CT
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what are collagen fibers made of?
polymer of collagen fiber bundles. Each individual fiber in the bundle is made of collagen fibrils, each fibril is a sequence of tropocollagen molecules bound together. Tropocollagen is produced from procollagen
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what kind of types of collagen fibers are there and what type of resistance do they provide?
- more than 25 types, type I, II, III, IV are most common
- provides resistance to tensile forces
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type I collagen
strongest, largest, most abundant type
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type II collagen fibers
found in articular cartilage and fibrocartilage
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type III collagen fibers
synonymous with reticular fibers, found in skin, artery wall, initially scar tissue
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Type IV collagen
major filament of basement membranes (basal lamina)
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reticular fibers
- type III collagen, small diameter and loosely arranged (flexible for volume changing organs)
- smooth muscle, endoneurium, hematopoietic organs, papillary layer of dermis
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where do elastin polymers aggregate in the elastin fiber?
in the center, with oxytalan and elaunin on the outside
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what is elaunin?
Elaunin is a mixture of elastin protein and oxytalan fibers (a component of elastin fibers)
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what is oxytalan?
oxytalan is a component of elastin fibers. It is the non-elastic component that is situated on the outside of the fiber
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what are glycoproteins? what are their function?
Proteins that adhere to cell membranes that, along with proteoglycans, make ECM more rigid and structural. Laminin and fibronectin are examples
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What are glycosaminoglycans? What are their function?
they are polysaccharide chains containing amino sugars that are a branching component of proteoglycans. They help to give the ECM more structure/make it more viscous
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loose CT: what does it support?
tissues that are not subjected to much friction, under low pressure
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loose CT
flexible well vascularized, not resistant to tensile forces, many fibroblasts and collagen
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dense CT
- resistance to tensile forces and protection of tissues
- fewer cells, more fibers
- minimally flexible
- arranged into regular (unidirectional) and irregular types (multidirectional)
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elastic tissue
ligaments of spinal column, contains parallel elastic fibers with collagen interspersed
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reticular tissue
- loose CT built by specialized fibroblasts, spongy so as to allow passage of materials/cells
- bone marrow, spleen, liver, lymph nodes
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