mel

_____ tissue bind and supports your body parts

Connective tissue sells are widely separeted by a noncellular material that varies in consistency from solid to semifluid to fluid called______

____ membranse lilne the thoracic and abdominal cavities, as well as secrete a watery fluid keeping membranes lubricated; the peritoneum is an example of this

____ is the protein responsible for the hardening of epidermal cells, as well as your fingerprints

a negative feedback system prevents change in the same direction

the formed elements of blood _______

______ is a respiratory pigment that carries O₂

_____ is the hormone that speeds up maturing of the cells becoming red blood cells

thrombin acts as an enzyme converting fibrinogen to _______

Once blood vessels repair is accomplished, _____ destroys the fibrin network and restores plasma fluidity

the function of an osteoclast is ______

When bone form between sheets of fibrous connective tissue it is called _______ ossification

A fracture that pierces through the skin is called ______

The only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bone

the joints that are immovable, such as the sutures in the skull

Muscles contain bundles of muscle fibers called _____

THe contractile units of myofibrils are called _____ which contain myofilaments

Calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum binds with the protein ______

Muscles acquire new ATP for muscles contraction in 3 different ways

Sudden and involunatry muscular contractions most often accompained by pain are called ______

The superior and inferior vena cavas carry O₂ poor blood into the ______

Blood enters the aorta by passing through the _____ valve

_____divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) causes a decrease in nodal activity

A clot that has formed and is stationary is called _____

When a small cranial arterilole bursts, or is blocked by an embolus, you have suffered ______

____ are composed of specialized cells of the same that perform a common function in the body

_____ covers body surface and lines body cavities

_____binds and supports body parts

______ moves the body and its parts

______ receives stimuli and conducts nerve impulses

the major types of tissues are ______

protective function
secretion
absorption
excretion
filtation

squamous epithelium

cubodial epithelium

columnar epithelium

simple epithelium tissue

stratified epithlium tissue

what type of epithelium is 2 layers of cube like cells?

What type of epithelium is one layer of flattened cells?

this junction hold epithelial cells close together

this junction allows materials to pass from cell to cell

this junction allows cells to stretch and bend

binds organd together
provides support and protection
filld spaces
produce blood cells
stores fat

cells are seperated by a ______ a noncellular material that varies from solid to semifluid to fluid

types of connective tissues

cells enlarge and store fat

skeletal muscle that is under voluntary control

smooth muscle is under involuntary control

cardiac muscle is found where?

cardiac muscle is under involuntary control

nervous tissue contains nerve cells called _______; is present in the brain and spinal cord; responds to stimuli

a _____ is a specialized cell that has 3 parts

receives signals

contains the cytoplasma and the nucleus

conducts nerve impulses

neurogila primary function is to support, protect, and nourish neutrons

human body is divided into two mian catergories

ventral cavity is made up of two sections

thoracic cavity

abdominal cavity

dorsal cavity is made up of two parts

cranial cavity

vertebral canal

epidermis does not contain blood vessels
it is the top part of the skin

epidermis hardening takes place because _____ is produced

specialized cells called _______ produce ______

dermis contains blood vessels
it is the bottom of the skin

the dermis contains sensory receptors

____ are the protective covering of the fingers

______ line the thoracic and abdominal cavities and the organs they contain

_______ secrete a watery fluid keeping membranes lubricated

______ line the cavities of freely moveable joints

skin plays a major role in homeostasis

____ covers the body protecting it from physical trauma pathogen invasionand water loss; also regulates temperature

______ is the relative constancy of the body's internal environment

the internal state of the body is often described as ________

a homestatic mechanism in the body has 3 components

detects change inthe internal environment

activates the effector

reverses the change and brings conditions back to normal

an example of positive feedback is ______

negative feedback prevents change in the _____ direction

positive feedback brings about an even greater change in the same direction

blood is made up of formed layers which consists of _______

what are the three main functions of blood?

______ is the liquid portion of the blood
about 92% of ______ is water

______ is necessary for blood clotting

red blood cells are also known as _______

red blood cells transport O₂ because they contain _______

Red blood cells are produced in the _____

red bone marrow stem cells are capable of becoming cardiac, nerve and blood cells

______ is the hormone that speeds up maturing of the cells becoming red blood cells

______ are an insufficient number of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood

white blood cells are also known as ______

_______ have a nucleus
lack hemoglobin

_____ function is to fight infection
their number greatly increases during this time

______ result from fragmentation of megakaryocytes

______ destroys the fibrin network and restores plasma fluidity

damaged tissus cells release tissue ______

fibrinogen------with help of thrombin-------fibrin threads

serveral different cells types partake in bone growth and repair _____

bone-forming cells; responsible for secreting the matrix

mature bone cells

perform bone resorption
breakdown bone and deposit clacium and phosphate in blood

formation of bone

bones develop between sheets of fibrous connective tissue
ex skull bone

hyaline cartilage models that appear during fetal development are replaced by bone
most bones form this way

in adults bone is continually broken down and rebuilt

fracture repair takes place over several months in 4 steps

ruptures blood vessels form a ________ between the broken bones (blood clot mass)

tissue repair begins and _________ fills space between ends of broken bones

osteoblasts convert the fibrocartilage callus to a ______ bony callus, this joins broken bones together

osteoblasts build compact bone

bone broken clear through

bone is not seperated into 2 parts

does not pierce the skin

pierces through the skin

broken ends are wedged into each other

break is ragged due to twisting of bone

there are 206 bones int he human body

axial skeleton consists of the skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, rib cage

the _____ bone is the only bone is the body that does not articullate with another bone

the vertebral column

____ is the longest and strongest bone in the body

are immovable joints

the cells of muscle tissues are called________

skeletal muscles have several functions

muscles contain bundles of muscle fibers called _____

Each fascicle and muscle fiber is covered by connective tissue

muscle fibers-----fascicles----fascia----tendon-----radius

for any particular movement, one muscle does most of the mork and is called the ______

plasma membrane

cytoplasm

ER

the sarcolemma forms _____ that penetrate into the cell so that they come in contact with expanded portions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (that contain Ca ions, essential to contraction)

the contractile portions of muscle fibers

the contractile units of myofibrils are called ______ which contain ______

when filaments slide muscle contracts

myosin breaks down ATP; has ______ that pull actin across myosin

a neurotransmitter; signals muscle contraction

A Ch binds to receptors in the sarcolemma

threads wind around an actin filament

occurs at intervals along the threads

contraction continues until nerve impulses cease and Ca ions are returned to their storage sacs

Muscle acquire new ATP in 3 different ways

Creatine phospate is used to turn ADP into ATP

sudden and involuntary muscular contractions most often accompanied by pain

inflammation of a tendon

ibuprofen and naproxen
cortisone injections

______ carry blood AWAY from the heart to the capillaries

_____ permit exchange of materials with the tissues

_____ are impoertant because exchange takes place across their thin walls

O₂ and nutrients diffuse out of a capillary into the tissue fluid that surrounds cells

wastes diffuse into the capillary

relative constancy of tissue fluid is absolutely dependet on capillary exchange

_____ RETURNS blood from the capillaries to the heart

veins often have ______

_____ prevent backflow of blood when closed

the heart 4 chambers

when looking at the heart, everything is a mirror image

between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

between the left ventricle and aorta

passage of blood through the heart

O₂ poor blood never mixes with O₂ rich blood

right = poor blood
left = rich blood

the left side of the heart is larger than the right side of the heart

the heart is a double pump

the heart beats last about 0.85 seconds

unique type of cardiac muscle in the heart

upper wall of the right atrium

______ initiates the heartbeat; automatically sends out an excitation impluse every 0.85 seconds
pacemaker of the heart

when impulses reach the ______ there is a slight delay that allows the atria to finish contracting before the ventricles begin to contract

ANS has two subdivisions

resting state functions
decreases nodal activity

increased activity/ stress
increases nodal activity

______ hormones stimulate the heart

circulates O₂ poor blood through the lungs

Not all arteries carry O₂ rich blood

circulates O₂ rich blood through the body

the _______ serve the heart muscle itself

stationary clot is called _____

clot that dislodges and moves is called ______

clot carried in blood but now stationary
must be treated to prevent complications

_______ all three are associated with hypertension adn atherosclerosis

______ results when a small cranial arteriole burst or is blocked by an embolus

______ results when a portion of the heart muscle dies due to lack of O₂

______ results from balooning of a blood vessel

this drug converts plasminogen into plasmin
______ is the body's own way of dissolving clots as well

______ is being used to allow patients to grow their own blood vessels instead of surgery to fix the problem