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Flexor withdrawal is elicited by
Noxious stimulus at the sole of the foot
-
Flexor withdrawal response
Toe extension, ankle dorsiflexion, flexion of entire lower extremity uncontrollably
-
Flexor withdrawal onset
28 weeks of gestation
-
Flexor withdrawal integration
1-2 months
-
Crossed extensor is elicited by
Noxious stimulus at the ball of the foot
-
Crossed extensor response
Opposite lower extremity flexes, adducts, and extends
-
Crossed extensor onset
28 weeks of gestation
-
Crossed extensor integration
1-2 months
-
Moro reflex is elicited by
Sudden change in head position in relation to the trunk or sudden head extension produced by a light drop of the head
-
Moro reflex response
Sudden extension and abduction, hand opening, and crying followed by flexion and adduction of arms across the chest
-
Moro reflex onset
28 weeks of gestation
-
Moro reflex integration
5-6 months
-
Traction is elicited by
Grasp forearm or pull from supine to sitting
-
Traction response
Grasps PT's forearm and total flexion
-
Traction onset
28 weeks of gestation
-
Traction integration
2-5 months
-
Plantar grasp stimulus
Maintained pressure on ball of foot
-
Plantar grasp response
Flexion of toes
-
Plantar grasp onset
28 weeks of gestation
-
Plantar grasp integration
9 months
-
Palmar grasp stimulus
Maintained pressure on palm of hand
-
Palmar grasp response
Flexion of fingers; fist-making
-
-
Palmar grasp integration
4-6 months
-
Startle reflex is elicited by
Sudden loud or harsh noise
-
Startle reflex response
Sudden extension and abduction, followed by crying
-
Startle reflex onset
Birth
-
Startle reflex integration
Persists
-
STNR stimulus
Cervical flexion or extension
-
STNR response
- With cervical flexion, upper extremities flex and lower extremities extend
- With cervical extension, upper extremities extend and lower extremities flex
-
-
STNR integration
8-12 months
-
ATNR stimulus
Rotation of head to one side for 15 seconds
-
ATNR response
Flexion of skull/occiput side extremities and extension of chin/jaw side extremities; fencing position
-
-
ATNR integration
4-6 months
-
TLR stimulus
Prone or supine
-
TLR response
Increased extensor tone in supine; increased flexor tone in prone
-
-
TLR integration
4-6 months
-
Positive support stimulus
Contact on sole of foot
-
Positive support response
Rigid extension of lower extremities
-
Positive support onset
Birth
-
Positive support integration
4-6 months
-
Associated reactions stimulus
Resisted movement of limb
-
Associated reactions response
Opposite limb mimics movement of test limb
-
Associated reactions onset
Birth - 3 months
-
Associated reactions integration
8-9 years
-
Scratching the skin of the infant's back from the shoulder downward. 2-3 cm lateral to the spinous process produces incurvation of the trunk, with the concavity on the stimulated side
Galant reflex
-
Galant reflex integration
4 months
-
Pressing the skin over the pubic bone with the fingers results in reflex extension of both lower extremities, with adduction and internal rotation into talipes equinus
Suprapubic extensor
-
Suprapubic extensor integration
4 weeks
-
Light tapping of second to fourth toes at their plantar surface produces tonic flexion of the toes at the first metacarpophalangeal joint
Rossolimo reflex
-
Rossolimo reflex integration
4 weeks
-
Tapping on the heel with a hammer, with the hip and knee joint flexed, and the ankle joint in neutral position results to rapid extension of the stimulated lower extremity
Heel reflex
-
Heel reflex integration
3 weeks
-
Transfer of traits/characteristics from parents to offsprings
Heredity
-
Two like genes for every trait/characteristic represented in sperm or ovum on autosome
Allele
-
Acquisition and refinement of skills
Development
-
Measure of age of embryo/fetus from first day of last menstruation
Gestational age
-
Developing embryo and placental structure
Conceptus
-
Chromosomal union of ovum and sperm
Fertilization
-
Product of 28-day ovarian cycle
Ovum
-
Increase in physical size and dimension relative to maturity
Growth
-
Linear strand of DNA containing genetic information
Chromosome
-
Number of daughter cells produced in meiosis
4
-
Spherical ball of cell resulting from continuous cellular division of zygote
Morula
-
Cell capable of being implanted to the wall of endometrium
Blastocyst
-
Number of days it takes for a morula to migrate to the uterus
3-4 days
-
Number of days a blastocyst stays in the uterus prior to being implanted in the endometrium
4-5 days
-
Actual presentation of genes
Phenotype
-
Total hereditary information concerned with actual pairing of alleles
Genotype
-
Release of one or more egg cells capable of being fertilized; occurs due to surge of LH
Ovulation
-
Primary germinal layer that serves as a precursor for nervous and integumentary systems
Ectoderm
-
Early embryonic cell that serves as precursor of germinal layers
Gastrula
-
Development of placental structures
4 weeks
-
-
-
-
-
Sucking and swallowing
16 weeks
-
-
-
-
Organ maturation
28 weeks
-
-
-
Primary germinal layer which serves as precursor for glands and endothelial lining of digestive and respiratory systems
Endoderm
-
Mesoderm serves as precursor for
Musculoskeletal, visceral, cardiovascular, and excretory systems
-
From 5-8 weeks until term
Fetus
-
From implantation to 5-8 weeks
Embryo
-
From fertilization to implantation
Zygote
-
Stage of cognitive development: logical thinking
Concrete operational (7-11 years)
-
Stage of cognitive development: abstract reasoning, problem solving, deductive reasoning, hypothesis making, classification, comparison
Formal operational (>11 years)
-
Stage of cognitive development: symbolic language
Pre-operational (2-7 years)
-
Stage of cognitive development: object permanence, circular reactions, reflexes
Sensorimotor (0-2 years)
-
IQ scoring: 10-19
Profound MR
-
IQ scoring: 20-34
Severe MR
-
IQ scoring: 35-49
Moderate MR
-
IQ scoring: 50-69
Mild MR
-
IQ scoring: 70-79
Borderline
-
IQ scoring: 80-89
Below average
-
IQ scoring 90-109
Average
-
IQ scoring: 110-119
Above average
-
IQ scoring: 120-129
Superior
-
IQ scoring: 130 and above
Very superior or genius
-
Stage of psychosexual development: satisfaction from putting things to mouth
Oral (0-18 months)
-
Normal head circumference at 12 months
47 cm
-
Identify the APGAR score: cries, spontaneously moves, 100 bpm, acrocyanotic
8
-
APGAR score indicating the need for supplemental oxygen
0-3
-
Stage of psychosexual development: becomes aware of anatomical sex differences which sets in motion conflict between erotic attraction, resentment, rivalry, jealousy, and fear
Phallic (3-6 years)
-
Number of pregnancies
Gravida
-
Number of deliveries
Parida
-
Low birth weight
1500-2500 g
-
Very low birth weight
< 1500 g
-
Normal birth weight
2500-4000 g
-
Normal head circumference at birth
35 cm
-
Normal head circumference of adult
57 cm
-
Normal head circumference at 4 months
41 cm
-
Center of gravity in children
Xiphoid process or T12 vertebra
-
Age at which genu varum is normal
0-2 years old
-
Age at which genu valgum is normal
2-7 years old
-
Age at which pes planus is normal
0-18 months
-
Age at which the head of a child is proportional to his or her trunk
1 year old
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