Muscle Workings

myosin head attaches to actin through chemical binding

myosin head flexes backwards and inwards a few nanometres

uses ATP to reset the myosin head, reposition it from the actin before each flex

myosin attaches further along the actin, continues to move the actin further and further

gatekeeper of actin so that myosin cannot bind to actin

physically moves tropomyosin so that myosin can bind

binds to troponin, which is attached to the tropomyosin; the troponin-tropomyosin structure moves, allowing myosin the bind to actin

calcium storehouse

• 100% natural
• your body naturally makes this
• creatine phosphate + adenosine diphosphate (ADP) -> creatine + adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
• #1, first source of energy for muscles
• happening in muscle tissue

increases muscle stores of creatine

• glucose + oxygen + ADP -> carbon dioxide + water +ATP
• myoglobin - oxygen carrying muscle

gain ATP, become warmer

• a.k.a. anaerobic respiration (not requiring air)
• buildup of lactate makes sarcoplasm more acidic
• results in oxygen deficiency, also denaturation of enzymes
• glucose + ADP -> lactate + ATP

• panting
• oxygen flushing out lactic acid

time it takes for electricity to go from brain to muscle

when muscle contracts

muscle returning to original length

• red bc of myoglobin
• get energy aerobically
• lots of mitochondria and blood vessels
• make a lot of ATP, get a lot of oxygen

• energy anaerobically
• creatine and lactate
• can fatigue quickly if lactate accumulates
• rich in glycogen, little mitochondria, blood vessels
• light in colour because little myoglobin
• different fibres fire at different voltages

lose function of muscles

exercise induced increase in muscle mass

skeletal muscles degenerate, replaced by fatty tissue that impedes circulation

muscular paralysis caused by ingestion of clostridium botulinum

muscular paralysis, caused by clostridium tetani

muscle shortening caused by scar tissue