Digestion

emulsify/cut fat by PHYSICAL digestion, eliminate cholesterol

made in liver, released from gall bladder

means that it is deactivated/dormant

enterokinase

bicarbonate, HCO3

• detoxify blood, remove poisonous substances
• stores glycogen, vitamins A, D, B12
• recycles old red blood cells

"fat sack movement", move fats in small intestine

break down polypeptides into peptides inside of small intestine

made in pancreas in the form of trypsinogen

breaks down lipids

bile salts and LDL cholesterol, large crystals that BLOCK the bile duct

yellowing of skin, bile salts cannot get to gall bladder as the bile duct is blocked - can be caused by gallstones, trauma, etc

bile salts instead go into circulatory system, salts break down red blood cells, red blood cells begin to rot and turn skin yellow

• 7 m long
• 2.5 cm diameter
• ph of 8
• absorption of nutrients
• three segments: duodenum -> jejunum -> ilium

overloading of liver with any drug

damages liver tissue replaced by non-functioning fat and connective tissue

lack of blood filtration

• 1.5 m long
• 7.6 cm wide
• zero digestion, absorption of: water, salts, and some vitamins
• stores non-digestible material
• houses E. Coli, which synthesizes vitamin B and K (coenzymes/cofactors)
• Still has lacteals and blood vessels IN CASE some minerals/lipids/fats/proteins are not digested in small intestine WHICH IS EXTREMELY RARE AND SHOULD NOT BE REGARDED AS A PRIMARY FUNCTION

absorbs fatty acids into lymphatic system

Transport amino acids, carbohydrates

increase surface area of villi to increase efficiency of digesting food by increasing chances of food molecules bumping into the villi/microvilli

• hair-like structures, take in proteins, lipids
• thin because if it were thicker, more energy is required to transport food

produces hydrochloric acid

• bile salts are added to aid in digestion
• passive AND active transport; passive = diffusion, active = transporting whatever remains

slows peristalsis so that there is TIME for the food to be absorbed/digested

cells on outside of villi (epithelial cells), secrete hydrochloric acid

cells on outside/surface of villi

secrete mucous

• esophageal sphincter: between esophagus, stomach
• pyloric sphincter: at bottom of stomach, between stomach and small intestine

digests proteins from peptides into amino acids

starch/carb digestion

• dormant form of secretin
• active form is secretin

secretes bicarbonate

safehouse for good bacteria

stage 2 of protein breakdown from peptide into amino acids