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Bio 20 - BioChem
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Exothermic reactions
Exothermic chemical reactions realease energy
Ex.Light, Heat
Endothermic reaction
Endothermic reactions require external energy for the reaction to proceed
Precursor activity (On switch)
Enzymes turn on via the initial reactant
Feedback Inhibition (Off switch)
Enzymes turn off when there is to much of the final product
Allosteric activity
The regulation of the enzyme and what it is doing
Competitive inhibitors
Compete with the substrate for the active site by mimicing the substrate
What is an Enzyme affected by?
- pH
- Substrate/Enzyme concentration
- Temp
- Competitive inhibitors
CoEnzyme
Organic molecule
Helps the Enzyme carry out its requierd task
CoFactors
Non organic molecules
Aids the Enzyme in bonding to the substrate
Lock and key model
Out dated model
Fit perfectly
Induced fit model
Enzyme active site molds around the substrate
Substrate (Enzyme)
Substance changed by the enzyme
Active site (Enzyme)
Site of reaction
Testing for proteins
Biuret tests for proteins
Blue --> Pink --> Purple
How to identify Enzymes
End in "ASE"
Moltose --> Maltase
Sucrose --> Sucrase
Testing for Lipids
Sudan IV tests for Lipids
Pink --> Red
Test for polysaccharides
Iodine
Brown --> Black
Test for monosaccharides
Blue benidect
Blue --> orange
Coagulation
Permenent change in proteins shape
Ex. boiled egg
Nucleotide
Building block for DNA and RNA
Formed by Carb + Protein
Denature
Alter a proteins shape(function)
reversable
Ex. Curling hair
Quaternary
2 or more poly peptide structures clustered into 1 macromolecule
Tertiary structure
Irregular contortions form R group bonding
Secondary structure
Coils and folds
Most common:
Alpha helix - Pleated sheet
Primary structure (Proteins)
Linear structure
(1)--(2)--(3)--(4)--(5)
Essential amino acids
Body cant produce these (Obtained via diet)
Polypeptides
Proteins formed from 20 different AA
Many combinations
HDL
High density Lipoprotein
Good cholesterol (Bring LDL to liver)
LDL
Low Density Lipoprotein
Bad cholesterol (clog arteries)
Hydrogenation
Turns fats/oils into Trans fat (more stable)
Unsaturated --> Saturated --> Trans
Liposome
Double layered sphere used to:
Carry medicine
Carry DNA cells
Waxes
Insoluble in water
Phospholipids
2 Fatty acids attached to a glyceral
Tails made from fat (hydrophobic)
Heads made from phosphate (Hydrophilic)
Unsaturated fat
Fat that contains double bonds(Weak)
Easy to break down
Saturated fat
All bonds are single bonds(Strong)
Hard to break down
Triglycerides
Union of 3 fatty acids
Animal --> Fats
Plants --> Oils
Polar
A molecule that has a slight charge based on the formation
Ex. H2O
Passive transport
Task that does not require ATP
Active transport
Use ATP to perform a task
Animal storage
Energy stored as Glycogen
Glycogen --> ATP
Plant structure
Cellulose
-Rigid
Ex. Cellulose --> Cell wall
Plant storage
Energy stored as starch
Starch --> ATP
Hydrolosis
Using water to break large molecules into smaller ones
Dehydration synthesis
Combinine small molecules to create larger ones
Water is a byproduct
Isomers
Chemicals with the exact same molecular makeup but with different physical orientation.
Ex. Glucose - Fructose
Polysaccharides
Many sugar units (Form Rings)
Poly = many
saccharides = sugar
Disaccharides
Polymer of 2 sugar units
di = 2
Saccharides = sugar
MonoSaccharides
1 sugar
mono = 1
Saccharides = Sugar
Ex. Glucose - Fructose
Carbohydrates
The main source of energy for the body
- Anything unburned is stored as fat
Polymer
Multiple monomers that have come together to form large chemical compunds
Poly = many
Monomer
A single molecule that reacts with other monomers
Ex. Single lego block
Mono = 1
ATP
Primary source of energy for cells
Acid and Base pH
Acid (-7) = Red
Base (+7) = Blue
Anabolic
Complex chemicals built from smaller ones
Catabolic
Large chemical broken down into smaller ones
Metabolism
All the chemical reactions in cells
- Catabolic
- Anabolic
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Author
Cosmic5491
ID
355177
Card Set
Bio 20 - BioChem
Description
Biochem - Grade 10
Updated
2021-05-05T00:42:19Z
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