Bio 20 - BioChem

Exothermic chemical reactions realease energy

Ex.Light, Heat

Endothermic reactions require external energy for the reaction to proceed

Enzymes turn on via the initial reactant

Enzymes turn off when there is to much of the final product

The regulation of the enzyme and what it is doing

Compete with the substrate for the active site by mimicing the substrate

• - pH
• - Substrate/Enzyme concentration
• - Temp
• - Competitive inhibitors

Organic molecule

Helps the Enzyme carry out its requierd task

Non organic molecules

Aids the Enzyme in bonding to the substrate

Out dated model

Fit perfectly

Enzyme active site molds around the substrate

Substance changed by the enzyme

Site of reaction

Biuret tests for proteins

Blue --> Pink --> Purple

End in "ASE"

• Moltose --> Maltase
• Sucrose --> Sucrase

Sudan IV tests for Lipids

Pink --> Red

Iodine

Brown --> Black

Blue benidect

Blue --> orange

Permenent change in proteins shape

Ex. boiled egg

Building block for DNA and RNA

Formed by Carb + Protein

Alter a proteins shape(function)

reversable

Ex. Curling hair

2 or more poly peptide structures clustered into 1 macromolecule

Irregular contortions form R group bonding

Coils and folds

• Most common:
• Alpha helix - Pleated sheet

Linear structure

(1)--(2)--(3)--(4)--(5)

Body cant produce these (Obtained via diet)

Proteins formed from 20 different AA 

Many combinations

High density Lipoprotein

Good cholesterol (Bring LDL to liver)

Low Density Lipoprotein

Bad cholesterol (clog arteries)

Turns fats/oils into Trans fat (more stable)

Unsaturated --> Saturated --> Trans

Double layered sphere used to:

Carry medicine

Carry DNA cells

Insoluble in water

2 Fatty acids attached to a glyceral

• Tails made from fat (hydrophobic)
• Heads made from phosphate (Hydrophilic)

Fat that contains double bonds(Weak)

Easy to break down

All bonds are single bonds(Strong)

Hard to break down

Union of 3 fatty acids

• Animal --> Fats
• Plants --> Oils

A molecule that has a slight charge based on the formation

Ex. H2O

Task that does not require ATP

Use ATP to perform a task

Energy stored as Glycogen

Glycogen --> ATP

• Cellulose 
• -Rigid

Ex. Cellulose --> Cell wall

Energy stored as starch

Starch --> ATP

Using water to break large molecules into smaller ones

• Combinine small molecules to create larger ones
• Water is a byproduct

Chemicals with the exact same molecular makeup but with different physical orientation.

Ex. Glucose - Fructose

• Many sugar units (Form Rings)
• Poly = many
• saccharides = sugar

• Polymer of 2 sugar units
• di = 2
• Saccharides = sugar

• 1 sugar
• mono = 1
• Saccharides = Sugar

Ex. Glucose - Fructose

• The main source of energy for the body
• - Anything unburned is stored as fat

Multiple monomers that have come together to form large chemical compunds

Poly = many

A single molecule that reacts with other monomers

Ex. Single lego block

Mono = 1

Primary source of energy for cells

• Acid (-7) = Red
• Base (+7) = Blue

Complex chemicals built from smaller ones

Large chemical broken down into smaller ones

• All the chemical reactions in cells
• - Catabolic
• - Anabolic