N165 Quiz 1

a "ridge' of cerebral cortex

a ‘valley’ of cerebral cortex

• the outer, surface covering of cerebral cortex, composed of gray
• matter (neuron cell bodies)

• the large, folded part of the brain that sits above the
• cerebellum and brainstem, made up of gray and white matter

• (Latin for "little brain") the small, highly ridged portion
• of brain that sits inferior to the cerebral cortex and posterior to the brainstem

towards the front of the brain

towards the back of the brain

towards the top of the brain

towards the bottom of the brain

• this view of the brain would show the surface of a cerebral
• hemisphere under the ears

• this view of the brain would be the inner surface of a cerebral
• hemisphere

• towards the top of the brain (towards the back surface of the body in the
• brainstem & spinal cord)

• towards the bottom of the brain (towards belly surface of the body in
• the brainstem & spinal cord)

• towards the front of the brain (towards the top surface of the body in the
• brainstem & spinal cord; rostral means "beak")

• towards the back of the brain (towards the bottom surface of the body in
• the brainstem & spinal cord; caudal means "tail")

• a vertical slice of the brain cut down the center, from anterior to
• posterior, giving a view from left or right

• a vertical slice of the brain cut from superior to inferior, giving a view
• from the front or back of the brain

• a horizontal slice of the brain cut from left to right, giving a view from the
• top or bottom of the brain

composed of the brain and spinal cord

• composed of peripheral nerves that connect
• the CNS to the limbs, trunk, and internal organs

• a subdivision of the PNS that controls
• visceral functions; includes parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

• a set of 12 specialized nerves that act as the PNS (motor control
• and sensory info) to the head and neck

the three protective layers of tissue between the brain and the skull

the durable, leathery outer protective layer of the meninges

• the spider web-like middle protective layer of the meninges
• that is filled with cerebral spinal fluid

the thin, shiny, inner protective layer of the meninges that "shrinkwraps" the brain

• the anterior portion of cerebral cortex, involved in emotion,
• cognition, and executive control

• the superior posterior portion of cerebral cortex,
• superior to the occipital and temporal lobes, posterior to the frontal lobe

• the inferior portion of cerebral cortex, anterior to the occipital
• lobe and inferior to the others

• the posterior portion of cerebral cortex, primarily involved in
• vision processing

• the sulcus dividing the frontal and parietal lobes, surrounded on
• each side by motor and sensory cortex

• the gap that divides the temporal from the frontal and parietal
• lobes; a fissure is another name for a large sulcus

the sulcus that divides the parietal and occipital lobes

• the notch that serves as the bottom point of the imaginary
• dividing line between the temporal and occipital lobes; the top of the parietooccipital sulcus is the top point

• ~50 cytoarchitectural areas defined by neuroanatomist
• Brodmann according to cell size, cell density, number and thickness of cortical
• layers, and density of myelinated axons; numbering system is becoming less
• common as neuroimaging measurements take over tissue histology

• outer ‘bark’ of the cerebral cortex composed of neuronal cell
• bodies; this is where computations happen; much of cortex consists of six layers

• inner region of cerebral cortex composed of the axons of the
• neurons with cell bodies in the gray matter; can be thought of as the ‘wiring’
• connecting different regions of gray matter

• the basic cell in the brain that processes and transmits information in the
• form of electrical and chemical signals

• the branched portion of a neuron which receives inputs from synapses
• with other cells and sends small depolarizations towards the cell body

• the "main" portion of a cell that contains the nucleus, mitochondria,
• and other organelles necessary for the cell to survive

• the base of the axon, where it meets the cell body of the neuron;
• action potentials are initiated here

• the long cell structure that carries depolarizations (action potentials) away
• from the cell body of a neuron to the synapse

• the small gaps between myelin sheaths in myelinated axons
• involved in fast action potential propagation down the axon

the region/space which information flows across from one neuron to another neuron; space between neurons can be called the synaptic cleft

the very end of a branch of a neuron's axon, specialized to release neurotransmitters from vesicles into the synapse in response to an action potential.

• surround neurons in CNS and PNS and provide myelination as well as other support for them; most abundant cell types in CNS. 
• types differ between CNS and PNS
• CNS: oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia
• PNS: satellite cells, Schwann cells

a layer of protective tissue wrapped around axons of neurons to hasten the transmission of action potentials

electrical conduction (action potential) along the axon and chemical transmission via neurotransmitter release at the synapse

the main connection of white matter that is integral for communication between the two cerebral hemispheres