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What are the properties of acids?
- Neutralize bases
- Taste bitter
- Turn blue litmus paper red
- Can dissolve metal
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What are the properties of bases?
- Taste bitter
- Neutralize acids
- Feel slippery/soapy
- Turn red litmus paper blue
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Bronsted-Lowry Acid/Base theory
Any reaction that involves the transfer of an H+ ion from one molecule to another is an acid/base reaction
- H+ donor = acid
- H+ acceptor = base
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What are the 6 strong acids?
- Sulfuric acid H2SO4
- Nitric acid HNO3
- Perchloric acid HCLO4
- Hydroiodic acid HI
- Hydrobromic acid HBr
- Hydrochloric acid HCl
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What are the 6 strong bases?
- Potassium hydroxide KOH
- Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
- Barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2
- Sodium hydroxide NaOH
- Strontium hydroxide Sr(OH)2
- Lithium hydroxide LiOH
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What is the relationship between Ka and the strength of an acid? Between Ka and the strength of the conjugate base?
For weak acids, Ka << 1
- Smaller the Ka, weaker the acid
- Weaker the acid, stronger the conjugate base
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What is the water ionization constant?
Kw= 1.0x10^-14
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Is a solution acidic, basic or neutral when:
[H+]= [OH-]
[H+]> [OH-]
[H+]< [OH-]
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For salt hydrolysis, what is true about the conjugate base of a weak acid?
Weak acid = stronger conjugate base
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For salt hydrolysis, what is true about the conjugate acid of a weak base?
Weak base = stronger conjugate acid
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For salt hydrolysis, what is true about the conjugate acid of a strong acid?
Strong acid = weaker conjugate base
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For salt hydrolysis, what is true about the conjugate acid of a strong base?
Strong base = weaker conjugate acid
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Is the anion that is the conjugate base of a weak acid basic or acidic?
Basic, because it is the conjugate base
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What anions do not hydrolyze to be weak bases?
- Those that are found in the strong acids
- Cl, I, Br, NO3, HSO4, CLO4
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What is the value for Kw at 25 celsius
1.0x10^-14
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