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What is the basic unit of the skeletal muscle?
A sacramere
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What two muscles does it make up?
cardiac and skeletal
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Which muscle part controls voluntary movements?
skeletal muscle
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What is a sacramere made up of?
A thin and thick filament
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What does a thin filament consist of?
A globular protein called actin, two actin come together and form a helical shape with two other proteins
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What does a thick filament consist of?
A protein called myosin
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What does the H zone only contain?
The region of the sacramere that only contains the thick filament
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What do you call the ends the thick filament?
Myosin heads
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What does the I bond contain?
Only contains the thin filament
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What proteins also play a role in contraction?
tropinin and tropparamyosin
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What is skeletal muscle positioned next to?
Blood vessels and lymphnodes
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What does it contract and release? muscle
It increases the flow of blood and lymph fluid
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When it is cold what part of the brain induces shivering and why?
- The hypothalamus
- To stimulate the skeletal muscle to contract and warm the body
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What is a myofibril?
Many sacrameres connected end to end to form a long fiber
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What do you call the cytoplasm of the muscle cell?
A sacroplasm
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What do you call the cell membrane?
sacrolemma
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Where do you find the myofibrils?
In the cytoplasm
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How do muscle cells grow?
When they contract
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Which systems does the muscle system link with? (3)
Nervous, cardiovascular and integumentary
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What is shivering?-
uncoordinated contraction of muscle fibers resulting in shaking and heat production
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What force does the skeletal muscle provide?
the force to lift or depress the rib cage producing a change in the thoracic volume
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What do the scalenes and pectoralis minor muscles do?-
lift up the rib cage
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What do the external abdominal oblique and rectus do-
pull the rib cage down
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What is sarcopenia-muscle atrophy
- (loss of muscle mass
- --reduced muscle mass, increased recovery time, decreased stamina
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What year does it start? sarcopenia
25
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Where do you find smooth muscle-
throughout the body surrounds the organs
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Features of smooth muscle?-
not striated, spindle-shaped, more actin, slower contraction
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What nervous system controls smooth muscle?
The automatic nervous system, involuntary.
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What can control it?- smooth m
hormones
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Where is a cardiac muscle found?
In the heart
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What is the function of cardiac muscle?
Contraction of the heart
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What are the features of cardiac muscle?
striated, branching gap junctions, auto rhythmic and involuntary control, action potentials of longer durations and refractory period
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