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What is bone
A rigid type of connective tissue
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What is an osteon
The basic unit of the skeleton
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What are the types of cells in the bone?
- Osteoblasts
- Osteocytes
- Osteoclasts
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What gives the bone its rigidness and strength?
The extracellular matrix that surrounds the cells found within the bone
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What are osteoblasts? What do they secrete/create
the cells responsible for building the bone. They secrete organic matter such as collagen and are responsible for creating the extracellular matrix
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What is the extracellular matrix composed of?
An organic part (collagen) and inorganic part (hydroxyapatite crystals)
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What is the hydroxyapatite made up of?
Calcium, Phosphate, and hydroxide ions
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What does collagen provide the bone?
tensile strength
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What do hydroxyapatite crystals provide?
Compressive strength
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What is the most common cell in the bone?
Responsible for obtaining nutrients from the blood that is needed by the bone.
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What are the extensions in osteocytes called
They are called processes that extend into canals called canaliculi they are used to exchange materials between different osteocytes.
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What is the job of osteoclasts?
Their cells responsible for reabsorbing bone
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What does an osteon consist of?
Concentric rings called lamellae-formed by osteoblasts
In the center is a canal called the haversion canal
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What is the haversion canal used for?
Contains the blood vessels, lymph vessels, and neurons
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What connects the haversion canals?
The volkmann's canal
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How many types of bones are there
5 types
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What are the three different regions in the long bone?
Epiphysis, Metaphysis, and diaphysis
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What types of cartilage help connect bone to joints?
Hyaline cartilage
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What is the epiphysis made up of?
- Spongy tissue-resembles a honeycomb
- contains red bone marrow
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What does redbone marrow do?
Produces blood cell via the processes of hematoipoiesis
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What region in the Metaphysis causes growth?
The region of hyaline tissue known as epiphyseal plate vis the endochondral ossification process
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What is in the diaphysis?
The medullary cavity (innermost bone) compact bone which contains yellow bone marrow that stores adipose tissue
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Explain more about the compact bone
It is very dense and gives the bone its strength compressive and tensile and consists of osteons
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What is the endosteum
the inner covering of the bone
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What is the Periosteum?
the membranes covering found on the outermost portion of the bone
Protects the bone, serves as an attachment site for muscles vis tendons also contain cells that differentiate into osteoblasts
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What controls the somatic nervous system
the somatic nervous system
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What is the extracellular matrix
A composition of molecules and fibers that hold the cells together
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What are the 3 types of joints?
Fixed, cartilaginous and synovial
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Describe a fixed joint?
An immovable joint that connects bone to bone. It holds them together tightly in place
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Where do you find fixed joints?
In the skull
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Describe the synovial joint
Consists of a cavity that contains the synovial fluid. Provides a wide range of movement to the connecting bone
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describe the synovial fluid
Nourishes the cartilage and contains macrophages to digest bacteria
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Describe the cartilaginous joint?
Allows very little movement and made entirely of cartilage. Its found in the rib cage and pubic symphysis. allows movement for respiration
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