Barry takes pride in being a researcher in the laboratory of his professor, who established the first psychological laboratory. Who is Barry’s professor?
Sigmund Freud
Ivan Pavlov
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Wilhelm Wundt (Correct answer)
Dr. Shayne researches natural selection of adaptive traits and behaviors passed down through generations. Which influence on behavior does Dr. Shayne research?
Biological
Psychological
Social
Cultural
Biological (Correct answer)
Which of the following attitudes is considered a scientific attitude?
Skepticism
Hindsight bias
Overconfidence
Perceiving order in random events
Skepticism (Correct answer)
A descriptive research technique that allows researchers to study an individual in depth is called the ____ method.
observation
interview
survey
case study
case study (Correct answer)
Which research method did Jane Goodall use when studying chimpanzees in the wild?
Planned observation
Naturalistic observation
Controlled observation
Observation from afar
Naturalistic observation (Correct answer)
Which kind of sampling procedure allows each member of the population an equal chance of being selected?
Stratified sample
Skewed sample
Unrepresentative sample
Random sample
Random sample (Correct answer)
What is the range of measurement for coefficients of correlation?
0.0 to +1.0
0.0 to –1.0
–1.0 to +1.0
–10.0 to +10.0
–1.0 to +1.0 (Correct answer)
In an experimental situation, subjects of group B are not exposed to the special treatment, effects of which are under study, making group B the ____ group.
nonexperimental
experimental
uncontrolled
control
control (Correct answer)
In a double-blind procedure, who is unaware of the experimental group assignment?
The experimenter
The participants
Neither the experimenter nor the participants are aware
Both the experimenter and the participants are aware
Neither the experimenter nor the participants are aware (Correct answer)
Which ethical guideline did a researcher violate when the names of the participants were declared in error?
Informed consent
Debriefing
Confidentiality
Protection from discomfort
Confidentiality (Correct answer)
Which measure of central tendency depicts the most frequently occurring scores?
The mean
The median
The mode
The arithmetic average
The mode (Correct answer)
In which kind of a distribution do most cases fall near the mean, and fewer cases fall near either extreme?
Normal distribution
Abnormal distribution
Positively skewed distribution
Negatively skewed distribution
Normal distribution (Correct answer)
Mary watches several different species of birds to discover how they feed their young in their habitat, without being intrusive. This would be an example of which type of study?
Case study
Naturalistic observation
Survey
Experiment
Naturalistic observation (Correct answer)
Randy finds a very high correlation between two variables. Which of the following is the coefficient Randy got?
–0.23
0.90
0.01
–0.85
0.90 (Correct answer)
In an experiment that looks at the effects of sugar consumption on hyperactivity in children, what would the independent variable be?
Hyperactivity
Cookies
The age of the experimenter
Sugar
Sugar (Correct answer)
In an experiment that looks at the effects of caffeine on alertness in class, one group of students gets caffeinated coffee, another group of students gets water, and a final group of students gets decaffeinated coffee (but thinks it is caffeinated). The last (decaf) group would be the ___.
control group
placebo group
experimental group
confound
placebo group (Correct answer)
Shandra is designing a research study. As part of her methodology, she is including informed consent, keeping all records confidential, and plans to debrief participants at the conclusion of the study. Which aspect of ethics is Shandra missing?
Controlling all confounds
Informing participants of her hypothesis
Protecting participants from harm
Informing participants whether they are in the control or experimental group
Protecting participants from harm (Correct answer)
True or False?
Human intuition is remarkably accurate and free from error.
False
True or False?
Most people seem to lack confidence in the accuracy of their beliefs.
True
True or False?
In science, a theory is merely speculation
False
True or False?
Happy people would rather talk than tweet
True
True or False?
The opinions of 1500 randomly selected people can provide a very accurate picture of the opinions of an entire nation.
False
True or False?
The scientific finding that depressed people tend to have low self-esteem proves that depression causes people to be down on themselves.
False
True or False?
The purpose of the experiment is to re-create behaviors exactly as they occur in everyday life.
True
True or False?
Under ethical and legal guidelines, researchers must ensure the comfort, health, and humane treatment of animals.
False
True or False?
As a science, psychology is objective and value-free.
False
True or False
Using the mean, the 2010 U.S. Census calculates that nearly 65 percent of U.S. households have “below average” income.
True
Mental groupings of similar objects, events, ideas, or people are known as _____.
heuristics
algorithms
concepts
prototypes
concepts (Correct answer)
Which obstacle to problem solving hinders individuals as they try to develop fresh perspectives?
Mental set
Intuition
Confirmation bias
Fixation
Fixation (Correct answer)
When individuals are more supportive of “gun safety” rather than “gun control” laws, which tool of persuasion is at play?
Which of the following is TRUE regarding intuition?
Intuition is explicit.
Intuition is adaptive.
Intuition has minimal effects on judgment.
Intuitive judgments take a long time.
Intuition is adaptive. (Correct answer)
According to Robert Sternberg, which of the following is NOT a component of creativity?
Expertise
Imaginative thinking skills
A venturesome personality
Extrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation (Correct answer)
Which structural component of language is the smallest unit of distinctive sound?
Phoneme
Morpheme
Semantics
Syntax
Phoneme (Correct answer)
How old is baby Lilly, who is able to communicate in two-word statements?
6 months
12 months
18 months
24 months
24 months (Correct answer)
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding deafness and language development?
Most deaf children are born to hearing parents.
There exists a critical period for language development.
Signing develops at the same rate as speaking.
Losing auditory capability does not enhance vision.
Losing auditory capability does not enhance vision. (Correct answer)
Which brain structure controls language comprehension?
Broca’s area
Wernicke’s area
Sensorimotor cortex
Auditory cortex
Wernicke’s area (Correct answer)
Which mental technique may assist in achieving one’s goal?
Outcome simulation
Process simulation
Linguistic determinism
Linguistic relativity
Process simulation (Correct answer)
Brett recognizes a robin as fitting into the category “bird” more quickly than he does a penguin. This is because “robin” is a _____.
concept
heuristic
prototype
insight
prototype (Correct answer)
Which rule of language is Kayla relying on when she is able to combine words into grammatically correct sentences?
Phonemes
Morphemes
Semantics
Syntax
Syntax (Correct answer)
Larry is shopping for a new car, but he is hesitant to look at Ford models because he read about several recalls of Ford parts. What is Larry basing his decision on?
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the influence of environment on intelligence?
Poverty has no effect on intelligence.
Aptitude benefits last a lifetime.
Schooling enhances intelligence.
Nutrition has no effect on intelligence.
Schooling enhances intelligence. (Correct answer)
Studies of gender differences in intelligence show that _____.
girls are better than boys in complex math.
boys are better than girls in detecting emotion.
girls are better than boys in spelling.
boys are better than girls in locating objects.
girls are better than boys in spelling. (Correct answer)
A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype is called _____.
Nelly and Kelly are identical twins. Which of the following statements is likely true about their intelligence?
Their intelligence test scores are closely matched.
Their brain matter volume and activation are different.
Their environment has no influence on their intelligence.
They have the same intelligence correlations as adopted siblings would.
Their intelligence test scores are closely matched. (Correct answer)
Nadine believes that girls cannot run as fast as boys, and this belief slows her down during a co-ed race. What might she be influenced by?
¢Intelligence has the same meaning to everyone worldwide.
False
True or False?
¢Some people who score low on intelligence tests and have limited or no language ability may have one exceptional skill, such as to compute complicated calculations quickly and accurately.
True
True or False?
¢A common ingredient of expert performance in chess, dancing, sports, computer programming, music, and medicine is 10 years of intense, daily practice.
True
True or False
¢The concern with individual differences in intelligence is strictly a twentieth- century American phenomenon.
False
True or False?
¢Today’s Americans score higher on intelligence tests than Americans did in the 1930s.
True
True or False
¢General aptitude tests are as predictive as they are reliable.
False
True or False?
¢Research has consistently found that intelligence declines with age.
False
True or False?
¢As adopted children grow older, their intelligence scores become more similar to those of their biological parents than to those of their adoptive parents.
True
True or False?
¢Compared with the anatomical and physiological similarities between men and women, their differences are minor.
True
True or False?
¢Aptitude scores, such as SAT scores, are a much better predictor of the college performance of Whites than it is of Blacks.
False
Author
xavieramadeus
ID
354555
Card Set
Psychology 131 Exam One
Description
Chapters: Prologue, One, Nine & Ten from Psychology Text (Meyers 2017)
